1. English Colonization of the Chesapeake & South

2. Chespeake and Southern Colonies

3. How did the English encourage settlement?
Joint Stock Companies
Investors, not crown controlled
Reduced British economic burden - depression
Offered settlers rights of Englishmen
Wealth

4. Jamestown Colony (1607)
Virginia Company of London gentlemen adventurers & poor servants
April 1607, land along James River

5. First Colonists - Problems
Malarial swamp
There to find riches – gold
No gold – economy in shambles
Did not plant food – hoped to trade with Indians

6. Powhatan Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy
Distrusted English, felt they were fools
Traded corn to them as they hunted for gold
Expected the English to die off
By 1609 distrust and mistreatment led to Powhatan cutting off trade.

7. John Smith
38 of the 104 remained nine months later - disease or starvation
The London company appointed John Smith as the new colonial leader.
Orders all colonists to work – 6 hrs a day
Colonists largely unmotivated, won’t listen
Smith leaves Jamestown in 1609
In fall of 1609, 500 men were in the colony. In spring off 1610 there were 60.
When the new governor arrived he found the colonists, “their daily and usual works, bowling in the streets.”

8. How was Jamestown Saved?
Tobacco – John Rolfe – 1612
Right climate
Demand in Europe

9. Population of the Land Plantations Spread out along rivers
Recruiting colonists
Headright System
Indentured Servants
Towns did not develop
Plantations self-sufficient

10. Business Booms Tobacco production increased
from 200,000 lbs/yr in 1624
to 3 million in 1638
to 10 million in 1660
Tobacco became the economic engine for the Virginia colony
This plantation economy developed throughout the Chesapeake and eventually into the deep south and remained the core industry of the south through the Civil War.

11. Labor Source of the Chesapeake
Landowners needed someone to perform manual labor of planting, tending and harvesting crops
Indentured servants – 1610s – late 1600s
African slaves – late 1600s – 1865
First slaves
1650 – 300 slaves
1700 – 13,000 slaves

12. Relationship with Native Americans
At first, the English were completely dependent
Trading relationship - Indians coveted British weapons and metal tools
Expansion caused tensions
Tobacco required land
Led to conflicts between Virginians and Native tribes
peace treaty was signed

13. Jamestown Religion Religion: Anglicans – colonial religion in 1609
American autonomy
Bishop of London
Widespread population
Divide between low-church and high-church

14. Jamestown Education Not a priority in the culture of Virginia
Lack of towns and widespread population
Wealthy hired tutors or sent to Europe
Poor worked as apprentices

15. Jamestown Government
Colonial legislature - House of Burgesses (est. 1619)
First legislative body in North America
Controlled by aristocracy
Vote - white, male, landowner

16. Maryland - 1632 Proprietary Colony
Lord George Calvert – debt from Crown
Haven for Catholics
Act of Toleration

17. Maryland Economy Plantation economy very much like Jamestown
Produced tobacco
Practiced slavery

18. Carolinas - 1670 Proprietary Colony – 8 British aristocrats
Recruited colonists from Barbados
Single cash crop – plantation economies
North: Tobacco
South: Rice and indigo
Native Americans:
Guns and slave trade
Stono Rebellion

19. Georgia - 1733 Formed to Gov. James Oglethorpe
Provide opportunity for the poor of England
Protect the Carolinas from Spanish raids
Gov. James Oglethorpe
Slavery, alcohol outlawed
Economy is similar to SC

20. Southern Trade Southern colonies Trade goods:
Upper south - tobacco (America’s most valuable export), grain, pig iron, and naval stores
Lower south - deerskin, rice (America’s 3rd most valuable export), indigo (America’s 5th most valuable export), timber and naval stores.