1. The New York Academy of Sciences
Technology Opportunities and the Role of Innovation Systems in Advancing Green Building Technology
Karin Ezbiansky Pavese, PhD Director, Innovation & Sustainability Initiatives
The New York Academy of Sciences
January 15th, 2009
Great research yielding great science is not enough. Without a robust innovation system in place, it is difficult to see technology move to the market place. Being the first talk in the innovation track on challenges to new tech implementation, I was asked to give a broad overview of the innovation system and highlight some of the key facets that are important in tech transfer.

2. Outline Green Building Technology Opportunities
Innovation Framework & Barriers to Advancement of Technology
New York Academy of Sciences Role

3. Technology Opportunities
Energy Efficiency:
Building Envelope
Energy Consuming Equipment
Smart control and monitoring systems
Renewable energy sources/storage:
Distributed
Solar PV, wind, water turbine, battery, fuel cell
Interior of the building and the outdoor environment

4. Technology Opportunities
Building Envelope
Smart Roofing materials
Wall Systems - optimal value engineering design of framing and insulated materials; New insulating materials
Window – Electrochromic window
Thermal Storage- new phase change materials (nanocomposites)

5. Technology Opportunities
Energy Consuming Equipment
HVAC – smarter control systems
Water heaters – solar, gas condensing, tankless
Lighting- hybrid solar, solid state, improved LED’s
Smart controls and metering
Wireless sensor technologies, adaptive controls, building management system
HVAC: Controlling relative humidity to allow higher occupancy temp but with equal comfort, incorporating energy storage mechanism to shift electric loads from peak to off peak times

6. Reference: Measuring Regional Innovation, Council on Competitiveness.
Innovation System
Inputs
Networks
Multidisciplinary
Collaborative
Global
Outputs
Culture
Democratized
Diversity
Innovation
Assets
Human Capital
Financial Capital
R&D Institutions
Industrial Base
Cyber/Physical Infrastructure
Legal & Regulatory Environment
Quality of Life
Productivity
Shown here is one framework often used to describe the innovation system
Prosperity
Reference: Measuring Regional Innovation, Council on Competitiveness.

7. Barriers To Advancing Green Building Technology Solutions
Research areas are not currently defined by all relevant stakeholders, resulting in lower impact of research programs than their potential. Private public partnerships key.
Pasteur’s Quadrant
Financial entities with money to support technology solutions to the market place are not investing at the early stages.
Early Stage Capital
Science-based solutions to address these issues require interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists and engineers and the broader stakeholder community. Collaborations are currently not maximized.
Network building

8. Challenge Based Research Model
Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA, ARPA-E, HSARPA, IARPA)
Fosters collaborative network
Flat organization
Small and Flexible
World class talent
Operates outside of the civil service hiring process & standard government contracting
3-5 years assignments/rotate experience and change
Fosters industry – academic relationships
Identify challenge and then nurture the science breakthrough.
Pasteur’s Quadrant
Reference: Power Play The DARPA Model & U.S. Energy Policy, William B. Bonvillian

9. Pasteur’s Quadrant Consideration of use? fundamental Knowledge?
Inspired
Basic
research
(Pasteur)
Pure basic
research
(Bohr)
ARPA
fundamental
Knowledge?
Quest for
Pure applied
research
(Edison)
Source: Pasteur’s Quadrant, Donald E. Stokes.

10. Early Stage Capital Needed
Myth: U.S. VC Firms fund all good ideas
“Market forces know best”
Reality:
Limited information on new firms
Focus on later stages of technology development
Stage of Development
% Total Funding
Start up/Seed 3%
Early Stage
16%
Expansion
36%
Later Stage
45%
2nd aspect of legislation that I wanted to highlight
Source: PriceWaterhouseCoopers/Thompson Venture Economics/ NVCA 2006

11. Valley of Death Early Stage Funding
Technology Creation
Technology Development
Early Commercialization
Cash Flow $$
Valley of Death
IPO and New Firm Creation
Federal & State Funding
TIP
SBIR
Seed/Angel Investors
Venture Capital

12. Green Science and Sustainability Program at The New York Academy of Sciences:
Goal: to address emerging interdisciplinary areas in green science and sustainability to advance the scientific discussion and understanding of environmental issues facing our society.
Two focus areas:
Urban sustainability
Green Buildings

13. Reference: Measuring Regional Innovation, Council on Competitiveness.
Innovation Framework
Inputs
Networks
Multidisciplinary
Collaborative
Global
Outputs
Culture
Democratized
Diversity
Innovation
Assets
Human Capital
Financial Capital
R&D Institutions
Industrial Base
Cyber/Physical Infrastructure
Legal & Regulatory Environment
Quality of Life
Productivity
Prosperity
Shown here is one framework often used to describe the innovation system
Reference: Measuring Regional Innovation, Council on Competitiveness.

14. Network Building through Green Buildings Group
Unique Role of the Academy: viewed as a neutral third party with a broad perspective enabling the Academy to bring leaders together across disciplines, institutions, sectors, and nations.
Steering Committee: Key stakeholder involved comprised of private industry representatives (construction, architects), government policy makers, and academic researchers and leaders.
The Academy Model:
economics
law
policy
chemistry
materials
math
engineering GB
sociology
design
biology
physics
business

15. Economic Development Benefits
Can not compete on cost
Innovation drives the economy
Growth Economics (Solow, 1987)
85% of measured growth in US income per capita due technological change1
Approximately 50% of US annual GDP growth is attributed to increase in innovation2
“Multifactor productivity” - a category that includes technological change and business process improvements- accounted for 45% of productivity gains between
Economic growth come from “technological and related innovation” (Solow)
In advanced economies, smart people and new ideas are the primary catalysts for economic growth (Romer)
Key Investment in Green Building Technology & Optimized Innovation System Yields Economic Potential
References:
1 Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing & Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, The National Academies.
2 Measuring Regional Innovation, Council on Competitiveness.
3 Keeping America Competitive, Business Week, September 22, 2008.

16. Conclusion
Identification and investment in technology needed with stakeholder input
Robust innovation system needed to facilitate technology implementation
Private public partnerships
Early stage funding
Networks
Benefit the environment & economy