1. Analytical study of forced migration and international security
FINDING HOMES
Analytical study of forced migration and international security
ADARSH BADRI
Christ University, Bangalore

2. “Help us, we suffer too much in Africa, help us.”

3. What is forced Migration?
Refers to the person moved against his will, or when the move is initiated because of external factors, such as natural disasters, war and persecution
IASFM (International Association for Study of Forced Migration):
“refers to the movement of refugees and internally displaced people as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famines or developmental projects.”
Terms like, Boat People and Desperate Migration, used.
UNHCR estimates about 65.6 million people forcibly displaced throughout the world, of which 22.5 million as refugees.
10 million are people are stateless, denied nationality, rights, freedom of movement.

4. Recent Instances of Forced Migration
Central African Republics
Nigeria
Syria
In 2013 – Hundreds killed by Militants
Thousands forced to escape into forests
Today, 450,000 CAR refugees in
Cameron
Chad
Democratic Republic of Congo
Republic of Congo
Boko-Haram Insurgency displaced 2.5 million
8.5 million need of humanitarian assistance
200,000 people fled to
Cameron
Chad
Niger
Since 2011, over 5 million people fled.
Millions have been displaced
Seeking safety in
Lebanon
Jordon
Turkey and beyond.
2.9 million registered refugees hosted in the country.

5. Recent Instances of Forced Migration
Iraq
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Millions of Iraqis forced to leave their homes for over a decade.
Rise of ISIS and spread of violence
1.8 million Iraqis and Syrians refuge in Kurdistan region of Iraq
Since 2014, 3 million people displaced across the country.
Millions of Afghans forced to flee for over two decades
Cold War, and Rise of Taliban
Migrated to
Pakistan
Iran
European Nations
290,000 Rohingya forced to flee to Bangladesh escaping violence in Myanmar in August 2017
Rakhine State, Sunni Sect Rohingyas
Harassed by Myanmar Army and forced to serve as slave labour
Systematically persecuted by Buddhist Majority

6. European Dreams
In 2015, 1.2 million refugees and migrants reached the European shores, most fleeing conflict and persecution
Afghanistan and Syrian refugees have resorted to this practice.
Smugglers – advertisements in Facebook and WhatsApp – selling European Dreams – Prices on Demand and Supply
Afghan travellers – less informed – Sexual exploitation
Africa and Sub-Saharans – travel – Mediterranean Shores – Italy, Malta, Spain, Greece.

9. Causal Factors Natural Disasters Environmental Disasters Civil War
Genocide and Ethnic Conflicts
Persecution
Egon Kunz (1973) – historical refugee flows into – Kinetic Model – Outside forces act to “Push” refugees out of an unstable area
Anticipatory Flow: refugees – fleeing before the crisis – to safety country
Acute Flow: Crisis causing thousands to flee to neighbouring countries

10. General Trend
Refugees – travel to neighbouring countries – disproportionately carry the brunt of impact and cost of migration
Most of these host nations are poor and not very well developed
More than 50 percent of the refugees are hosted in parts of Africa – 17 percent hosted in Europe
But the debate has always been “Euro-Centric”

11. Refugees and International Security
Is National Security more important or Human Security?
Is it the security of the state or should we focus on security of refugees?

12. Conclusion Legal Refugees – Mandatory Repartition
Illegal Refugees – Deportation
Result is the same, in both cases, they are forced to leave the country
UNHCR states three durable solutions
Safe, voluntary repartition
Local integration
Third-Country settlement (only 1 percent of refugees)
World community must – contribute funds for refugee welfare
SEZs in host countries – Made by Refugees

13. Bibliography
Moses, Jonathan. 2004, International Migration: Globalisation’s Last Frontier, ­Zed Books: London, p. 1.
Weinstein, Jay A., and Vijayan K. Pillai. 2001, Demography: The Science of Population. Allyn and Bacon: Boston.
Chamie, J., The Dillemma of Desperate Migration. Humanitarian aid adds incentives for migrants to take risks in fleeing homelands. YaleGlobal, < dilemma-desperation- migration > [Accessed: 24 Nov. 2017].
Refugees, U. (2017). Figures at a Glance. UNHCR. < [Accessed 25 Aug ].
Stola, Dariusz Forced Migration in Central European History. International Migration Review 26:

14. Thank You