1. EDM Martin Doerr TPDL 2011 Berlin, Germany September 25, 2011
Center for Cultural Informatics
Institute of Computer Science
Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas
Berlin, Germany
September 25, 2011

2. Europeana Data Model
A data model (schema) for the next Europeana release (“Danube”)
A collaborative effort of core experts
A model to index rather than to document digital material
A great challenge to find a minimal but powerful and extensible global model
Satisfying many standards and particularly their promoters….

3. Rationale of EDM Precursor: ESE (Europeana Semantic Elements)
by Antoine Isaac
Precursor: ESE (Europeana Semantic Elements)
used in 2008 version of Europeana
represents lowest common denominator for object metadata
convert datasets to Dublin-Core like standard
forces interoperability
major drawback: original metadata is lost
EDM goals
preserve original data while still allowing for interoperability
Semantic Web representation

4. EDM requirements & principles
by Antoine Isaac
Distinction between “provided object” (painting, book, program) and digital representation
Distinction between object and metadata record describing
an object
Allow for multiple records for same object, containing
potentially contradictory statements about an object
Support for objects that are composed of other objects
A standard metadata format that can be specialized
Standard vocabulary format that can be specialized
EDM should be based on existing standards

5. EDM basics OAI ORE for organization of metadata about an object
Requirements 1-4
Dublin Core for metadata representation
Requirements 5
SKOS for vocabulary representation
Requirements 6
key classes from CRM, some DC classes
key relationships from FRBRoo

6. The class taxonomy in version 5
by Antoine Isaac
rdfs:Resource
NonInformation
Resource
Information
Resource
Web
Resource
Event
Agent
Place
Physical
Thing
skos:
Concept
Time-span
Europeana
Object
ore:
Aggregation
Information
Realization
Europeana
Aggregation 6

7. Property taxonomy (without ESE properties)
by Antoine Isaac
dc:relation
wasPresentAt
happenedAt
occuredAt
isRelatedTo
ore:
proxyFor
ore:
proxyIn
isNext
InSequence
isSimilarTo
realizes
dcterms:
hasPart
hasType
dcterms:
references
hasMet is
DerivativeOf is
SuccessorOf
incorporates
ore:
aggregates
isAbout
hasView
landingPage is
AnnotationOf is
RepresentationOf 7

8. EDM Major Components
A “flat” model of finding aids relationships generalizes over Dublin Core, CRM, OPM…etc.
closes the recall-precision gap between keyword search and “advanced search”
major innovation: “has met” relationship – a formal deduction from events - the historical links in contrast to the aboutness !
A minimal event model ensures representation of historical contexts, spatio-temporal queries and CIDOC CRM compatibility
FRBR(OO) reduced to 3 relationships: derivation, continuation, incorporation
Reuses the epistemic ORE Aggregation and “proxy” model to solve reification, “who said what” (could also be solved by Named Graphs!)

9. Europeana EDM, a new indexing standard?
integrated with a
minimal event model
5 core relationships to query
“my thing” by other entities
ens:isRelatedTo
dcterms:has part
Resource
ens:hasType
dcterms:references
Agent
ens:was present at
EuropeanaObject/
“my” Thing
ens:was present at
has part
Thing
ens:hasMet
ens:happenedAt
Place
ens:occurredAt
TimeSpan
Event
ens:hasType
Concept

10. Example: the necessity of event metadata
Preserving and exploiting original data also means being
compatible with descriptions beyond simple object level
Also crucial for semantic enrichment
by Antoine Isaac

11. A flexible model: object and events
by Antoine Isaac

12. EDM, a new indexing standard?
crm: shows features of
“My” Information Object
isDerivativeOf
isSuccessorOf
incorporates
3 additional core relations
for information content
(from FRBRoo !)

13. The Utitility of FRBR relations: “Blade Runner”
Excerpts from Wikipedia (
Blade Runner is a 1982 American science fiction film, directed by Ridley Scott and starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, and Sean Young. The screenplay, written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples, is based on the novel Do Androids
Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick.
Seven versions of the film have been shown, for various markets, and as a result of controversial changes made by film executives. A rushed Director's cut was released in 1992 after a strong response to workprint screenings. This, in conjunction with its popularity as a video rental, made it one of the first films released on DVD, resulting in a basic disc with mediocre video and audio quality. In 2007, Warner Bros. released in select theaters and DVD/HD DVD/Blu-ray, the 25th anniversary digitally remastered definitive Final Cut by Scott.
Fancher found a cinema treatment by William S. Burroughs for Alan E. Nourse's novel The Bladerunner (1974), entitled Blade Runner (a movie).
Blade Runner has numerous and deep similarities to Fritz Lang's Metropolis, including a built up urban environment, in which the wealthy literally live above the workers, dominated by a huge building—the Stadtkrone Tower in Metropolis and the Tyrell Building in Blade Runner.
The Blade Runner soundtrack by Vangelis is a dark melodic combination of classic composition and futuristic synthesizers which mirrors the film-noir retro-future envisioned by Ridley Scott. Despite being well received by fans and critically acclaimed and nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe as best original score, and the promise of a soundtrack album from Polydor Records in the end titles of the film, the release of the official soundtrack recording was delayed for over a decade. There are two official releases of the music from Blade Runner. In light of the lack of a release of an album, the New American Orchestra recorded an orchestral adaptation in 1982 which bore little resemblance to the original. Some of the film tracks would in 1989 surface on the compilation Vangelis: Themes, but not until the 1992 release of the Director's Cut version would a substantial amount of the film's score see commercial release. These delays and poor reproductions led to the production of many bootleg recordings over the years. A bootleg tape surfaced in 1982 at science fiction conventions and became popular given the delay of an official release of the original recordings, and in 1993 "Off World Music, Ltd." created a bootleg CD that would prove more comprehensive than Vangelis' official CD in A disc from "Gongo Records" features most of the same material, but with slightly better sound quality. In 2003, two other bootlegs surfaced, the "Esper Edition," closely preceded by "Los Angeles: November 2019". The double disc "Esper Edition" combined tracks from the official release, the Gongo boot and the film itself. Finally "2019" provided a single disc compilation almost wholly consisting of ambient sound from the film, padded out with some sounds from the Westwood game Blade Runner.
A set with 3 CDs of Blade Runner-related Vangelis music was released on December 10, Titled Blade Runner Trilogy, the first CD contains the same tracks as the 1994 official soundtrack release, the 2nd CD contains previously unreleased music from the movie, and the 3rd CD is all newly composed music from Vangelis, inspired by, and in the spirit of the movie

14. The complete picture under EDM
Book: “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” P.Dick 1968
RIO
Appellation
Book:
“The Blade Runner” A.Nourse 1974
RIO
is identified by
Title: “The Blade Runner”
Appellation
Title: “Blade
Runner (The movie)”
is derivative of
is derivative of
Book: “Blade
Runner (The movie)” W.Burroughs 1979
RIO
Appellation
is derivative of
is identified by
Title:
“Blade Runner”
is derivative of
Book:
“Blade Runner screenplay” H.Fancher&D.Peoples 1982
RIO
Film: “Metropolis” F.Lang 1927
RIO
unreleased Film Score: “Blade Runner” Vangelis 1982
RIO
is identified by
is similar to
incorporates
Film:
“Blade Runner” R.Scott 1982
RIO
incorporates
incorporates
is derivative of
is derivative of
is derivative of
Comic: A Marvel.. Blade Runner” A.Goodwin 1982
RIO
Soundtrack: “Blade Runner” Vangelis 1982
RIO
Film score: “Blade Runner” New American Orchestra 1982
RIO
Reprint:
“Blade Runner (Do androids..)”P.Dick
RIO
Film: “San Diego Sneak Preview” 1982
RIO
is derivative of (is version)
is similar to
Film: “International Cut” 1982
RIO
Videogame: “Blade Runner” CRL Group P LC 1985
DPO
incorporates
Film: “US Theatrical Version”1982
RIO
bootleg cd: “bootleg
Blade Runner recording”
Off World Music Ltd 1993
DRO
incorporates
is successor of
Videogame: “Blade Runner” Westwood Studios 1997
DPO
Film: “US Broadcast Version”1986
RIO
Film score: “Blade Runner” Vangelis 1994
RIO
Book: “Blade Runner 2:
The edge..” K.Jeter 1995
RIO
Film: “Director’s Cut” 1992
RIO
incorporates
Film:
“The Final Cut” 2007
RIO
incorporates
is successor of
Book: “Blade Runner 3:
Replicant Night”K.Jeter
1996
RIO
Film score: “Blade RunnerTrilogy”Vangelis
2007
DPO
Anti gia thing ebala book, film, etc.
is derivative of
(is translation of)
is about
Film:
(in Portugal):”Perigo Iminente”
RIO
is similar to
has part
has part
is successor of
Tv series: “Total Recall 2070” Art Monterastelli 1999
RIO
cd: “unreleased
Blade Runner music”1982
DRO
is similar to
RIO
Film:
“(in Venezuela):”El cazador implacable”
RIO
cd: “new Vangelis
music” Vangelis 2007
DRO
Book: “Blade Runner 4:
Eye and Talon” K.Jeter
2000
incorporates
Documentary: “On the edge..”NoblesGate Ltd 2000
RIO
is about
DVD:
“Blade Runner”
(The Final Cut) 2007
DRO
Documentary: “Future Shocks” TV Ontario 2003
RIO
Documentary: “Dangerous Days” C.Lauzirika 2007
DPO
Documentary: “All our Variant Futures” P.Prischman 2007
RIO

15. The Chaos of documenting and relating only products:
Title:
“…”
Appellation
Title:
“…”
Appellation
The Chaos of documenting and relating only products:
even without the book and sound products!
Title:
“…”
Appellation
Title:
“…”
Appellation
Appellation
Title:
“Blade Runner International Cut”
Book:
“Blade Runner screenplay” H.Fancher&D.Peoples 1982
RIO
Film: “Metropolis” F.Lang 1927
RIO
has part
is version
Soundtrack: “Blade Runner” Vangelis 1982
RIO
has part
Film: “San Diego Sneak Preview” 1982
RIO
Comic: A Marvel.. Blade Runner” A.Goodwin 1982
RIO
is version
Film: “International Cut” 1982
RIO
Film: “US Theatrical Version”1982
RIO
Videogame: “Blade Runner” CRL Group P LC 1985
DPO
is version
is version
Film: “US Broadcast Version”1986
RIO
is version
Videogame: “Blade Runner” Westwood Studios 1997
DPO
Film: “Director’s Cut” 1992
RIO
Film:
“The Final Cut” 2007
RIO
Anti gia thing ebala book, film, etc.
is version
is about
Film:
(in Portugal):”Perigo Iminente”
RIO
is version
Tv series: “Total Recall 2070” Art Monterastelli 1999
RIO
Film:
“(in Venezuela):”El cazador implacable”
RIO
Documentary: “On the edge..”NoblesGate Ltd 2000
RIO
Documentary: “Future Shocks” TV Ontario 2003
RIO
Documentary: “All our Variant Futures” P.Prischman 2007
RIO

16. ORE Model ore:Proxy : “description” semantics (OIO ontology!)
rdfs:Resource
ore:proxyFor
ore:AggregatedResource
ore:Proxy
ore:aggregates
ore:Aggregation
ore:proxyIn
ore:Proxy :
“description” semantics (OIO ontology!)
Good for archival descriptions: One thing in multiple hierarchies

17. Multiple aggregations = multiple providers
by Antoine Isaac

18. Further Properties Berlin, Jan. 25-26, 2010 Europeana V1.0 WP3 Meeting
Object
domain is
AnnotationOf
range
rdfs:Resource
Europeana
Aggregation
domain
landing
Page
range
WebResource
ore:
Aggregation
domain
has
View
range
rdfs:Resource
Berlin, Jan , 2010
Europeana V1.0 WP3 Meeting 18

19. Source view of Europeana EDM classes
ore:Proxy
dcmitype:Collection
ore:Aggregation
ens:EuropeanaAggregation
E89 Propositional Object
ens:InformationResource
rdfs:Resource
ens:WebResource
ens:EuropeanaObject
E52 Time-Span
ens:Time-Span
Exx Class
: abstract CRM class
E55 Type
SKOS:Concept
ens:Class
: abstract EDM class
E18 Physical Thing
ens:Pysical Thing
Exx Class
: concrete CRM class
ens:Class
E53 Place
ens:Place
: concrete EDM class
ens:NonInformationResource
Exx Class
ens:Class
: concrete CRM&EDM class
E39 Actor
ens:Agent
ore:Class
: concrete ORE class
E4 Period
ens:Event

20. How to Integrate ORE? Bad model!! AggregatedResource:
rdfs:Resource
Bad model!!
ore:proxyFor
ore:AggregatedResource
ore:Proxy
ore:aggregates
ore:Aggregation
ore:proxyIn
ens:NonInformationResource
E89 Propositional Object
ens:InformationResource
AggregatedResource:
Anything that is related
by my aggregation,
and not by a “nature” ??? OR
Only AggregatedResources can be aggregated???
ens:WebResource
ens:EuropeanaObject
ens:EuropeanaAggregation

21. A better ORE Model? Aggregations and Proxies can be aggregated,
rdfs:Resource
ore:proxyFor
ens:NonInformationResource
E89 Propositional Object
ens:InformationResource
ore:AggregatedResource
ore:aggregates
ens:WebResource
ore:Aggregation
ore:Proxy
ens:EuropeanaObject
ore:proxyIn
Aggregations and Proxies can be aggregated,
Proxies point to anything?
ens:EuropeanaAggregation

22. A relaxed ORE Model? AggregatedResource a term for anything?
rdfs:Resource
ore:proxyFor
ore:AggregatedResource
ens:NonInformationResource
E89 Propositional Object
ens:InformationResource
ore:aggregates
ens:WebResource
ore:Aggregation
ore:Proxy
ens:EuropeanaObject
ore:proxyIn
AggregatedResource a term for anything?
ens:EuropeanaAggregation

23. Integrated Europeana EDM Class Diagram
Exx Class
: abstract CRM class
E4 Period
ens:Event
E5 Event
E2 Temporal Entity
ens:Class
: abstract EDM class
E3 Condition State
Exx Class
: concrete CRM class
E52 Time-Span
ens:Time-Span
ens:Class
: concrete EDM class
Exx Class
ens:Class
E53 Place
ens:Place
: concrete CRM&EDM class
ens:NonInformationResource
E21 Person
Fxx Class
: concrete FRBRoo class
ore:AggregatedResource
E39 Actor
ens:Agent
E74 Group
ore:Class
: concrete ORE class
E19Physical Object
new IsA links for
integration
E26 Physical Feature
E1 CRM Entity
E18 Physical Thing
ens:Pysical Thing
E77 Persistent Item
E72 Legal Object
E24 Physical M-M Thing
E55 Type
SKOS:Concept
E70 Thing
E90 Symbolic Object
F2 Expression
E71 Man-Made
Thing
E28 Conceptual Object
rdf:Resource
E89 Propositional Object
ens:InformationResource
E73 Information Object
ore:Proxy

24. Europeana EDM Class Diagram cont’d
Exx Class
: abstract CRM class
ens:Class
: abstract EDM class
Exx Class
: concrete CRM class
ens:Class
: concrete EDM class
Exx Class
ens:Class
: concrete CRM&EDM class
Fxx Class
: concrete FRBRoo class
dcmitype:Collection
ore:Aggregation
ens:EuropeanaAggregation
ore:Proxy
F23 Expression Fragment
F24 Publication Expression
ens:WebResource
ens:EuropeanaObject
F2 Expression
F22 Self Contained Expression
F25 Performance Plan
F26 Recording

25. Current status EDM Definitions v5.2
EDM Primer – 05/08/10 (fitting v5.2)

26. Conclusions
The Europeana EDM model is a great generalization over virtually all existing metadata formats
It satisfies particularly poor (as most!) metadata and automatic metadata enrichment
It is not suited for documentation!
It is extensible:
Do not manually reduce your metadata!
Map your metadata formats to adequate richer standards and create automatically EDM views for global indexing and querying!