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The Civil War
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Resources, Strategies, and early battles
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Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter
Lincoln’s Dilemma Send in troops Evacuate the fort
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Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter
Davis’s Dilemma Do nothing Attack the fort
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April 12 1861, Davis gave orders to attack
First Shots April , Davis gave orders to attack Attack on Fort Sumter unites the North Fort falls to the South
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Americans Expect a Short War
Union Advantages Confederacy Advantages More resources More fighting power More factories Greater food production Extensive railroads Lincoln’s leadership Cotton profits First-rate generals Strong military tradition Motivation for the cause
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North v. South
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Union Plan –Anaconda Plan
Navy blockade Union would split the confederacy in two Capture the Confederate Capital
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Invade the north if the opportunity is present
Southern Strategy Survive as a nation Defend homeland Invade the north if the opportunity is present Seek European support
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Bull Run 1st Major Battle Major Victory for the South under Stonewall Jackson
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Union Armies in the West
Forts Henry and Donelson Two important western forts which Ulysses S. Grant captured
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Shiloh A small Tennessee church, and encampment for the union
Lessons learned need of scouts and fortifications
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Largest and busiest Confederate port
Capture of New Orleans Largest and busiest Confederate port
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A Revolution in Warfare
Ironclads Ships that could splinter wooden ships, withstand cannon fire, and resist burning North – Monitor South – Merrimack
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African Americans and the war
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The War for the Capitals
On to Richmond Union Army led by George McClellan were ordered to take Richmond
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The War for the Capitals
Confederate Army led by Robert E. Lee Lee troops defeated the Union army at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run
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Antietam Though it ended in a standoff, South lost many men
McClellan did not pursue, which might have ended the war
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Emancipation Proclamation
Document issued by Lincoln Freed all slaves in the confederate territory
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Reactions For many it gave the war a high moral purpose
Free blacks welcomed the section which allowed them to enlist Not everyone in the North approved Confederates realized that compromise was no longer an option
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* Mortality rate higher
Fight for Freedom * Served in separate regiments, earned less, usually assigned to labor duty * Mortality rate higher * If captured they would not be treated as a prisoner
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welcomed Union troops as liberators
Slave Resistance Destroyed property welcomed Union troops as liberators
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Life During the War
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Northern Economic Growth
Most industries experience a boom Government creates demand for many products to feed the war effort Income tax a tax that takes a specified percentage of an individuals income
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Conscription A draft that would force certain members of the population to serve the army Wealthy men could hire substitutes to serve in their place Led to Draft Riots New York City
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Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus
Civil Liberties Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus the right to have charges filed or a hearing before being jailed
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loss of slaves to work the fields 1863 there were food riots
Southern Shortages loss of slaves to work the fields 1863 there were food riots Smuggling cotton to the north for money was common
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Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides
Very dirty High probability of contracting a virus Lice,
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union – bacon and hardtack Confederates – “cush” stew
Food was at a minimum union – bacon and hardtack Confederates – “cush” stew
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Civil war Medicine U.S. Sanitary Commission improve hygiene train nurses Led to improved survival rate
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Andersonville (Confederate prison)
Prisons Andersonville (Confederate prison) overcrowded condition little food 1/3 of prisoners died
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Turning Points of the War
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Grant Wins at Vicksburg
Vicksburg under siege Last confederate stronghold along the Mississippi Grant was able to surround the city and force surrender
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Stonewall Jackson was shot accidentally and would die from the wounds
Chancellorsville Stonewall Jackson was shot accidentally and would die from the wounds Lee decided to invade into the North
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Gettysburg Pennsylvania (1863), three day battle
Most decisive battle of the war The Confederates were never able to get the high ground The battle crippled Lee’s army 28000 Confederates killed or wounded
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Lincoln speech which “remade America”
Gettysburg Address November 1863 Lincoln speech which “remade America”
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Created a path of destruction and began to live off the land
Sherman’s march Created a path of destruction and began to live off the land Main objective to make Southerners sick of the war
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The War’s end and impact
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The Surrender at Appomattox
1865 Confederates abandoned their Capital April 9, 1865 Lee Surrendered at Appomattox Court House Confederate Soldiers were allowed to go home
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The Legacy of War Political Changes
Federal government assumed supreme national authority taxed incomes, forced the acceptance of a paper currency, enacted a draft
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Southern economy devastated
No more cheap labor source Major cash crops destroyed Destroyed railroads and machinery Economic gap widens between North and South
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Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the U.S.
Thirteenth Amendment Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the U.S.
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The Assassination of Lincoln
5 days after the Confederate surrender in Fords Theater Lincoln was assassinated The assailant was an actor and Southern sympathizer (John Wilkes Booth)
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Story of US
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