1. The Holocaust
1938 – 1945
11 million lives lost

2. How did WWII change Europe?
Essential Question
How did WWII change Europe?

3. How it Started Hitler gains control of Germany in January of 1933
Nazis believed that German Jews were to blame for Germany’s problems before the war.
Hitler came to power passed laws discriminating against the Jews.
Jews were made to wear a Star of David so everyone could tell who was Jewish or not.

4. Jews wore the Star of David
Jehovah’s Witness wore the Purple Triangle

5. Anti -Semitism Aryan Race
This is the term given to political, social and economic agitation against Jews. In simple terms it means ‘Hatred of Jews’.
Aryan Race
This was the name of what Hitler believed was the perfect race. These were people with full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.

6. This sign says
“Germans! Defend
Yourselves! Do not
buy from Jews!”

7. “ Night of Broken Glass”
November 9, 1938
Jewish Homes & Businesses were attacked and destroyed across Germany

10. At first, Hitler favored immigration out of Germany
Refugees: a person who flees for safety especially to a foreign country
At first, Hitler favored immigration out of Germany
265,000 Jews immigrate to other parts of the world.
Those Jews that stay are rounded up and forced to live in Ghettos
These ghettos had as many as 12 people living in a single room!

12. Refugees Eventually, Hitler decides that immigration is not enough.
The ghettos are not enough
He decides to eliminate the problem.

13. Hitler’s Final Solution
THE HOLOCAUST
“sacrifice by fire”

14. Hitler’s Final Solution
Execution/ concentration camps located mainly in Germany & Poland
Camps located near railroad lines

15. Hitler’s Steps: Round up all the Jews
Put in prison, wear identifying armbands and separate them from their families.
Shave their heads and tattooed a number on their arms.

16. Hitler’s Steps:
Herd them into showers and use this place as gas chambers so that they could kill 2000 people at one time.
A lot died from no food, water and labor.

17. Hitler’s Steps:
He even killed the prisoners, the mentally ill and the disabled.

18. Important Definitions:
Genocide is a planned killing of a race of people. It became a crime when the United Nations passed the Genocide Convention in 1948.

19. At the end of WWII, Allies (friendly people) gained controlled.
The survivors of the Holocaust had nowhere to go.
They wanted to go back to their home land in Palestine (middle East)

20. 1947, United Nations divided Palestine into Arab State and Jewish State, Israel.
Israel opened its borders to Jews in 1948.

21. A MAP OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS USED BY THE NAZIS.
There were concentration camps and death camps. If you went to a death camp the chances of coming out alive were virtually nil.
Even at concentration camps though you were likely to die from the appalling conditions.
Or, if you were very young, old, or incapable of hard labour, it was likely you would be transferred to a death camp too.
Anne Frank died at Belsen from Typhoid.
Leonard Leher's mother and sisters were sent to Sobibor.
YOU MAY ASK "WHO WERE THESE PEOPLE WHO WERE SENT TO PLACES LIKE THIS?"
THEY WERE CHILDREN JUST LIKE YOU. THE ONLY DIFFERENCE WAS THEIR RACE AND THE RELIGION THEY FOLLOWED.

22. Auschwitz - Poland

24. A group of children at a concentration camp in Poland.
16 of the 44 children taken from a French children’s home.
They were sent to a concentration camp and later to Auschwitz.
ONLY 1 SURVIVED
A group of children at a concentration camp in Poland.
HOW DID THEY KILL THESE INNOCENT CHILDREN, ALONG WITH THEIR PARENTS, GRANDPARENTS, FRIENDS ETC..
YOU WILL ALL HAVE PROBABLY HEARD OF THE WAY NAZiS GASSED THE JEWS.

25. Portrait of two-year-old Mania Halef, a Jewish child who was among the 33,771 persons shot by the SS during the mass executions at Babi Yar, September,
THIS PICTURE TELLS US A LOT.
HER PARENTS ARE OBVIOUSLY WEALTHY ENOUGH TO HAVE HAD A PORTRAIT DONE, SO IT SHOWS US THAT THE STATUS OF THE JEWS DID NOT MATTER TO THE NAZIS. IT WAS NOT JUST THE POOR WHICH WERE KILLED.
THEY WERE KILLED REGARDLESS OF WEALTH OR STATUS, THEIR DEATH WAS DETERMINED BY RELIGION AND RACE.

26. Nazis sift through a huge pile of clothes left by victims of the massacre.
Two year old Mani Halef’s clothes are somewhere amongst these.
GIVES SOME IDEA OF THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE.
BUT WHY DID THE NAZI WANT THEM TO REMOVE THEIR CLOTHES?
WHAT DID THEY WANT WITH THEIR JEWELERY, CLOTHES, EVEN HAIR?

27. Smoke rises as the bodies are burnt.
NO.
MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE MURDERED GREW ESPECIALLY HIGH, NAZIS BURNED THE BODIES.
SO WHAT OTHER METHODS WERE USED TO SYSTEMATICALLY MURDER THESE PEOPLE?

29. Percentage of Jews killed in each country
AUSTRIA 35%
POLAND 91%
USSR 36%
NORWAY 45%
BELGIUM 45%
LUXEMBOURG 55%
ESTONIA 44%
ROMANIA 84%
A Total of 6,000,000 Jews
HUNGARY 74%
YUGOSLAVIA 81%
BOHEMIA 60%
How did they manage to get together all these Jews to kills them?
How did they kill them when they had them?
To begin with there were concentration camps.
LATVIA 84%
NETHERLANDS 71%
LITHUANIA 85%
GERMANY 36%
FRANCE 22%
GREECE 87%

30. Groups Targeted by the Nazi Party
11,000,000 lives lost
6,000,000 Jews
5,000,000 million others
Handicapped
Gypsies
Jehovah’s Witnesses and others

31. “You Looked the Other Way” by Alex Berkowicz
When they Changed the Law,
You looked the other way.
When they Came at Night,
When they put us in ghettos,
When they put us in concentration camps,
You looked the other way
When they took us on death marches,
When they slaughtered our children,
When they come for you,
Who will be left to look the other way?