1. Clinical Pharmacists' Recommendations in Critical Care Areas of an Egyptian Tertiary Care Hospital: Interventions Analysis and Effect on Direct Drug Cost Evaluation 
Adham Mohamed, PharmD Candidate1, Heba Khairy, RPh, BCPS2, Mohammed Hassan, RPh2
1.Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, Indiana
2. As-Salam International Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
BACKGROUND
RESULTS cont.
RESULTS cont.
Implementation of clinical pharmacy in multidisciplinary critical care team has been associated with better clinical and economic outcomes1,2,3 .
However, little is known about the practice and the outcomes of clinical pharmacy services in Egypt.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacy services implementation in the intensive care units (ICU) of As-Salam International Hospital (ASSIH), a tertiary care hospital in Egypt. 
1- Boyko WL, Yurkowski PJ, Ivey MF, et al. Pharmacist influence on economic and morbidity outcomes in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1997;54:1591–5. 
2- Leape LL, Cullen DJ, Clapp MD, et al. Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit. JAMA 1999;282:267–70. 
3- Schumock GT, Meek PD, Ploetz PA, et al. Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services—1988–1995. Pharmacotherapy 1996;16:1188–208. 
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847
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p=0.014
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OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the acceptance rate of the clinical pharmacists' interventions by physicians.
To estimate the effect of clinical pharmacists' interventions on the mean drug cost. 
METHODS
For the three years the total decrease in direct drug cost for all the patients that had been admitted to the ICU units was 1,016,688 USD. 
Clinical pharmacy services were implemented on January 1st, 2010.
The medical records of patients admitted to the ICU (Surgical/Trauma, Medical, Cardiology, and Neurology) from the period of January 2009 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.
The data collected included:
Number of clinical pharmacists' interventions
Types of interventions.
Physicians' responses (acceptance/rejection) for the interventions.
Drug cost per patient pre and post implementation of clinical pharmacy services.
CONCLUSIONS
The study suggests that clinical pharmacists' interventions were well accepted by physicians.
There was a significant decrease in direct drug costs for the patients in ICU after the implementation of clinical pharmacy services.
A prospective randomized study is needed to evaluate the clinical pharmacists' interventions effect on mortality, length of stay and total costs in Egypt.
Disclosure
Authors of this presentation have the following to disclose concerning possible financial or personal relationships with commercial entities that may have a direct or indirect interest in the subject matter of this presentation:
Adham Mohamed: Nothing to disclose
Heba Khairy: Nothing to disclose
Mohammed Hassan: Nothing to disclose
RESULTS
A total of 10,789 patients were admitted for the period from January 2009 to December 31st, 2012.
Clinical pharmacists performed 13,020 interventions during the period from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2012.