1. World War II

2. Isolation vs. Neutrality
Similar policies but with one major difference
Isolationism- remain apart from political or economic foreign entanglements
Neutrality- taking no side in a dispute; noninvolvement; trading not limited

3. Nation trying to recover from depression
Isolationism in the 1930s
Nation trying to recover from depression
Refusal of US to join League of Nations reinforced by Senate who forbid the US to join the World Court
No loans to nations at war

4. “Cash and Carry” Acts meant that nations who were in conflict were allowed to purchase US good only if they provided their own transportation and used cash immediately

6. The rise of totalitarian governments
Events Leading To War
The rise of totalitarian governments
Totalitarian- “Total” control; one political party has total control over the gov’t and bans all other parties.

7. Hitler Comes to Power in Germany
Sets up a fascist government.
Fascism places the importance of the nation above all
Individual rights and freedoms are lost

8. Wanted to strengthen the military and expand its borders.
Wanted to purify the Aryan race.
Because of this he slowly gains power in Germany.

11. Japan withdraws from League of Nations
During the 1930s the military started to gain control.
1931 Japan seized Manchuria.
1937 Japan resumed its aggression in China.

13. Led the Fascists in Italy.
Mussolini in Italy
Led the Fascists in Italy.
Governments were characterized by extreme nationalism, racism, and militarism.

15. World War II Begins

16. Adolf Hitler Speech
Hitler Speech

17. Munich Conference Sept. 1938
Held after Hitler demanded the Sudetenland.
France and Britain agreed only if Hitler did not try to take over more land
Appeasement- agree to demands of a political enemy in order to keep peace

20. Went against his agreement and annexed the rest of Czechoslovakia
March 1939
Went against his agreement and annexed the rest of Czechoslovakia
March 31 France and Britain pledged their support for Poland.

21. France and Britain declare war on September 3
Hitler invaded Poland and signs a treaty with Russia against any aggressive behavior.
France and Britain declare war on September 3

22. Invades Russia for its land for German living space in East.
June 22, 1941
Invades Russia for its land for German living space in East.
Went against his non-aggressive treaty with Stalin.

23. Agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill.
Atlantic Charter
August 1941
Agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill.
“A peace that will afford all nations the means of dwelling in safety inside their own boundaries”

25. Roosevelt froze Japanese financial assets.
Pearl Harbor
Roosevelt froze Japanese financial assets.
Roosevelt also cutoff trade with Japan (Oil)

26. Japan attacks the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.
December 7, 1941
Japan attacks the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.
9:45am 2,400 Americans killed, 1,200 wounded 300 planes destroyed and 18 ships sunk or damaged.

34. Great Britain (Churchill) USSR (Stalin)
Allied Powers
Axis Powers
Great Britain (Churchill)
USSR (Stalin)
United States (Roosevelt; Truman)
France (de Gaulle- leader of Free French)
Germany (Hitler- NAZI)
Italy (Mussolini- Fascist)
Japan (Emperor Hirohito; Prime Minister Tojo Hideki)

35. FDR Addresses Congress
FDR Declares War

36. World War II on the Home Front
During World War II, the United States’ wartime economy produced vital military supplies for the war effort

37. Americans at home contributed to the war effort by conserving resources and growing their own food (Food Rationing)

40. During World War II, woman contributed to the war effort by filling jobs in American factories.

41. World War II brought job opportunities to many minorities, although discrimination against Japanese Americans increased.

42. 200,000 joined the service Women in World War II
Served in separate units- operated radios and repaired planes and vehicles
Assigned clerical duties (along with men)

43. Many women took jobs once only occupied by men
5 million work in factories devoted to wartime production
Rosie the Riveter became popular because it captured the sense of duty and patriotism felt by millions of women

46. After World War II women became increasingly involved in the workforce
Child care becomes an important issue in WWII

47. African Americans in World War II
Approximately 1 million serve in WWII
Initially units were separated (limited to support roles) but soon saw combat as the war went on

49. Continue to move North in search of economic opportunities (face discrimination)
Race riots break out in the summer of 1943 (Detroit and New York)

52. Migration North made African Americans a significant voting bloc in the North
Factory jobs allowed Africans-Americans to make more money than they ever had before

53. Immigration increases after Civil War and settle on the West Coast
Japanese Americans
Immigration increases after Civil War and settle on the West Coast
By 1941 many Americans of Japanese decent were born in America and have never seen Japan (Nisei)

54. Wartime Relocation Authority (WRA) imprisons more than 100,000 Japanese Americans in military style barracks guarded by troops
No discrimination was focused on Italians or German citizens

55. “How to Tell Chinese from a Jap,” from an Army Manual
How to Tell a Chinese from a “Jap.” Three panels from the Pocket Guide to China, a U.S. Army pamphlet distributed to soldiers and illustrated by cartoonist Milton Caniff (best known for the comic strips Terry and the Pirates and, after the war, Steve Canyon), show how outrageous racial stereotypes were used to distinguish between Asian friend and foe in official wartime publications.
American Social History Project.

57. Map of Japanese-American
Internment Camps
This map shows the ten major relocation centers, or camps, and the fifteen assembly centers in thirteen states extending from California east as far as Arkansas and from Montana and North Dakota south to Arizona and Texas. A much smaller number of Japanese Americans (about 17,000, most of whom were considered "enemy aliens") were placed in internment camps.
Manzanar and Santa Anita--first relocation centers

61. Korematsu v. United States
Upheld the forced evacuation as a reasonable wartime emergency
No Japanese- Americans were ever identified for being treasonous or committing sabotage
Many Japanese- Americans served honorably in WWII

62. with a letter of apology from
In one of the landmark Supreme Court cases, Fred Korematsu was convicted in 1944 for defying the order to intern Japanese-Americans. This Court decision was eventually reversed and in 1988 Korematsu received a medal of freedom. When in 2004 some detainees challenged government’s authority to hold them without trial in the Supreme Court, Fred Korematsu submitted a brief in support of detainees. He wrote: “When viewed in its historical context, the Government’s position is part of a pattern whereby the executive branch curtails civil liberties much more than necessary during wartime and seeks to insulate its actions from any judicial scrutiny… Only later errors are acknowledged and apologies made.”
Fred Korematsu
with a letter of apology from
the White House in 1988

63. Almost 50 years later, the United States admitted the WRA was unjust
$20,000 paid to each of the 60,000 surviving Japanese Americans
First payments made in 1990 and an formal apology was issued

64. GI Bill
Provided college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans
One year of unemployment compensation.
Provided many different types of loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses

65. Levittown, Long Island

68. Post- WWII Policy
Marshall Plan- supplies economic aid to European nations after WWII
$13 billion from 1948 to 1952
Taft-Hartley Act- labor unions must sign Non-Communist oath
Truman Doctrine- financial commitment to nations fighting communism

69. The Holocaust

70. During the Holocaust, individuals were singled out for persecution because of their membership in a group.

71. Anti-Semitism- feelings of hatred against Jewish.
Hitler encouraged Germans to turn viciously on all Jewish citizens.

72. THE FINAL SOLUTION
The Nazis set as a primary goal the total extermination, or genocide, of all Jews under their domination.

75. CONCENTRATION CAMPS
Nazis built concentration camps to isolate Jews and other groups from society.

77. "Work Makes You Free"

85. As Hitler’s conquests continued, the camps became factories of death.

86. More than 6,000,000 Jews were killed in the camps as were another 6,000,000 people– Gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally and physically handicapped.