1. 1920s: Rise of Dictators

2. I. Totalitarian States
New form of dictatorship
B. Governments controlled all
parts of citizens’ lives
1. Used propaganda to control what people thought
C. single political party (group that has a common belief about government) with a single leader
D. No individual freedoms
Collective good is more important than individuals
promised to serve people better than democracy and defense against communism
form of nationalistic, militaristic totalitarianism
Fascism controlled every aspects of people’s lives
news reports, religion, and politics
promised to serve people better than democracy and defense against communism
Benito Mussolini established first Fascist dictatorship in Italy

3. The state controlled all parts of people’s lives
To have control over the youth is to have control over the future.

4. II. Fascism in Italy A. First fascist government 1. Early 1920s 2
II. Fascism in Italy A. First fascist government 1. Early 1920s 2. Created by Benito Mussolini – “Il Duce” = the leader B. State is more important than individuals C. Strong central government with one dictator D. Fascists supported Mussolini against communists 1. Used “Black Shirts” to enforce E. Outlawed all opposition
Used nationalism to make Italians like him – demanding more land from peace treaties of WWI
When he got enough backing/power, he forced the Italian King to make him Prime Minister
Added extra powers to his position until he could pass laws by decree and police had authority to arrest anyone

5. III. Basic Elements of Fascism A
III. Basic Elements of Fascism A. together we are stronger individually we are weak 1. collective group more important than individual B. authoritarian government = people don’t control C. “Messiah” complex – present self as a god-like D. against the “other” = undesirable group 1. “nationalist” – in favor of the nation over others 2. promote as having superior ideas E. use force or violence to intimidate 1. often has uniforms

6. IV. Soviet Union Under Stalin
A. Early 1920s – millions died during famine
– Vladimir Lenin died Joseph
Stalin took complete control
B – First Five Year Plan
1. Set of economic goals
2. Emphasized industrialization
3. Increased output of heavy machinery, oil, and steel
- Under Stalin - Urban housing and lower wages made life more difficult

7. C. Collectivized agriculture
1. Government took over ownership of private farms
D. People that resisted were sent to Gulags, Siberia, or executed

8. A. In his youth, developed ideas that guided him
V. Adolph Hitler
A. In his youth, developed ideas that guided him
1. Belief in greatness of German nation
2. Increased racism, especially anti-Semitism (Jews)
3. Need for struggle – Social Darwinism / survival of the fittest
B – control of National Socialist German Workers’
Party – Nazi
1. Used the SA / Storm Troopers / Brown Shirts to enforce
C. Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in jail
1. statement of his basic ideas
Born in Austria – failure in secondary school and traveled to Vienna
Talented in knowing how to use political parties, propaganda, and terror – used talent to spread his message and movement
Went to Germany in WWI, and stayed there after the War
November 1923 – staged an uprising against the government – Beer Hall Putsch – put in prison