1. The Islamic Religion and Islamic Empire
HASEEB RANA AND OMAR JANJUA
1st Period/Totaro
The Islamic Religion and Islamic Empire

2. MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET
Origins of Islam
Muhammad ( AD), the Prophet, was the founder of Islam
When he was 40, he was given messages from Allah
He spread these messages to his followers, which sprung Islam
He was known as the Messenger of Allah and the last prophet
Pictures of Muhammad are forbidden in Islam and is considered a sin

3. Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities

4. Spread of Islam

5. Beliefs, Traditions, and Customs of Islam
Monotheism Abrahamic Religion (believes in one God)
Judgment Day = Judged in front of Allah
Believes in Jesus/Moses/Abraham as Prophets
Afterlife:
Good Deeds = Heaven
Bad Deeds = Hell
BELIEFS

6. Beliefs, Traditions, and Customs of Islam
Reading the Quran (Holy Book) which is written in Arabic
Fasting for 30 days
Celebrating Eid/Ramadan
TRADITIONS

7. Beliefs, Traditions, and Customs of Islam
Not allowed to eat pork, nor drink alcohol
Five Pillars of Islam
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Fasting
Prayer (5x a day)
Alms Giving
Belief in Allah
CUSTOMS

8. Geographic influence on origin and spread
Trade routes were along Mecca and Medina

9. EXPANSION DESPITE GEOGRPAHIC DIFFICULTIES
Muslims were natural explorers
Used camels to reach distances that were impossible by foot
Had religious motivation
The Hindu-Kush and
Himalayas made difficulty
along with the desert for
the Islamic travelers

10. Fertile Crescent
Abu-Bakr and the next 3 caliphs; Umar, Uthman, and Ali controlled all of Arabia
Under Uthman, the army took control of Syria and lower Egypt, which were part of the Byzantine Empire
They also took parts of the Persian Empire
Uthman and Ali continued to expand the empire eastward and westward
By 750 the Muslim empire stretched 6000 miles

11. Political Unity of the first Islamic Empire was short-lived
Murder of Uthman in 656 triggered a civil war with groups in need of power
Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, Uthman’s successor gets murdered in 661
Systems of Caliphs ends
Begins the Umayyads reign

12. Jerusalem and Damascus

13. Spread of Arabic/Trade

14. Slavery NOT based on RACE Prisoners of war/children of prisoners
Slaves had religious rights

15. Death of Ali
The Umayyad's took over and started a hereditary system of succession
Surrounded themselves with wealth and ceremony like non-Muslims
Brought a division in the community
Sunni- Did not resist rule of Umayyad’s and were followers of Muhammad’s example
Shi’a- Resisted Umayyad’s and believed that the person responsible of spreading Muhammad’s example MUST be a relative

16. Capital Moved to Baghdad

17. Battle of Tours
In 732 AD
Christians stopped Muslim spread into Western Europe
Christians were victorious

18. Fall of Baghdad to Mongols
Occurred in 1258
Left Baghdad destroyed
100,000-1 million dead
Sacked and burned
Everything was destroyed, including libraries

19. Cultural contributions and achievements
DOME OF THE ROCK

20. ISLAMIC MOSAICS

21. Arabic Alphabet

22. UNIVERSITIES

23. TRANSLATIONS Greek works were translated into Arabic
Other works were also translated, as well
This helped to preserve knowledge

24. SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
ARABIC NUMBERS

25. ALGEBRA Al-Khwarizmi invented the idea of Algebra
Wrote a text book in the 800’s explaining the art of bring together unknown to match quantities
He called it Al-Jabr, which is known as Algebra

26. Medicine Al-Razi wrote the Comprehensive Book
Believed recovery from clean air
Used hospitals
Contributed greatly to the growth of medicine and healthier lifestyles

27. CALLIGRAPHY
Art of Beautiful Handwriting

28. Geographic Knowledge Had many updated maps
Was familiar with the geographic area
Spread knowledge with trade

29. THE END!