1. Section 2: History & Culture (page 150)
Chapter 6: Canada
Section 2: History & Culture (page 150)

2. The Big Idea
Canada’s history and culture reflect Native Canadian and European settlement, immigration, and migration to cities 1

3. History & Culture

4. History Native Canadians Indians & the Inuit people were 1st Canadians
Over time, they divided into groups known as “First Nations” 3

5. History
Native Canadians
Inuit man in kayak, 1929

6. History
Native Canadians
Inuit family, 1930

7. History Native Canadians
Fed, clothed, and housed themselves by hunting seals, whales, walruses, & other animals
Population today about 400,000 3

8. History European Settlement 1st were Vikings, in about AD 1000
In late 1400s, other Europeans arrived & explored Canada 3

9. History European Settlement
Trade between Euros. & NCs quickly developed
Euros wanted furs / NCs wanted metal goods
Also: foods, clothing, & methods of travel 4

10. History New France France was 1st Euro. country to settle Canada.
Important to France b/c it provided money & goods
Also spread French culture. 4

11. Map of New France made by Samuel de Champlain in 1612
History
Map of New France made by Samuel de Champlain in 1612

12. Actual extent of New France before 1763
History
Actual extent of New France before 1763

13. History
New France
French in competition with English for control of Canada
French built trade relationships with NCs to help defend their interests 3

14. History
New France
In 1763, England defeated France & took control of Canada
Though it didn’t last, New France shaped Canada’s cultural makeup. 3

15. History British Conquest In 1754, England & France went to war
Fought in Canada & Europe 3

16. History British Conquest England won in 1763
Called “7 Years War” in Europe / “French & Indian War” in colonies
Actually, French & their Indian allies vs. the English and their Indian allies
HERE!!!! 3

17. History British Conquest Some of the French left / most stayed
Brits divided Canada into two colonies
Lower Canada mostly French speaking
Upper Canada mostly English 4

18. History British Conquest
Boundary b/t Lower & Upper forms part of border b/t provinces of Quebec & Ontario today. 1

19. History British Conquest
Province: administrative divisions of a country
Similar to a state in the United States. 2

20. History Creation of Canada
Though still under British rule, Canadians began to regard themselves as different from British. 2

21. History Creation of Canada
British Parliament created Dominion of Canada in 1867
“Dominion” = territory or area of influence
Important step toward Canadian independence 4

22. History Creation of Canada
Canada’s ultimate independence from GB was a gradual movement, unlike the American Revolution.
From 1867 – 1931 GB treated Canada more and more as an independent country 3

23. History Creation of Canada
After WWI, Canada was one of the signers of the Treaty of Versailles 
By 1931, the Statute of Westminster gave Canada permission to declare itself an “independent, autonomous country” 3

24. The Transcontinental Railroad
Transcontinental = “from sea to sea” / across the continent. Completion connected British Columbia (the westernmost province) with the east 2

25. The Transcontinental Railroad
Led to acquisition of lots of land - Hudson’s Bay Company Treaties with Native Canadian Tribes 3

26. Immigration
During the late 1800s & early 1900s, lots of immigrants from Europe, some from US Most farmed Some worked in mines, forests, & factories 3

27. Immigration
Many from US & others following discover of gold in the Yukon (1897) Many immigrated to Canada’s west from Asia Transcontinental RR built mainly by Chinese workers BC first province to have large Asian population 4

28. Immigration
Led to economic boom in early 1900s Canadians had one of highest standards of living in the world by 1940s 4

29. Migration to Cities
After WWII, another wave of immigrants from Europe Many settled in cities - Toronto now one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world Also immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America & Asia 4

30. Migration to Cities
Recently, many Canadians have moved from rural, farming areas to cities. Greater job opportunities. 2

31. Native Canadians, Inuit, Vikings, French, British
Early Settlement
Native Canadians, Inuit, Vikings, French, British
Transcontinental RR
Improved transportation
added lots of land
History & Culture
Immigration
Late 1800’s: lots from Europe, Asia, some US
After WWII
Migration to Cities
Immigrants, since WWII
Lots from farms, rural areas
JOBS
FIN