1. Chapter 5: Cell structure & function
Unit 4 cells: the basic theory of life

2. Section 5-2: TYPES OF CELLS
State the basic difference between eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells.
Compare and contrast plant & animal cells.
Vocabulary: prokaryotes, eukaryotes
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

3. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
continued advances in microscopes allowed observation of cell organelles and structure
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

4. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

5. prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryote
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

6. prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryote
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

7. prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryote
2 types of cells
prokaryote – single-celled organism whose cells do not have a true nucleus (& lack membrane bound organelles)
bacteria & relatives, usually small & unicellular
eukaryote – organisms made up of cells that have a nucleus
both unicellular &
multicellular
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

8. prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryote
prokaryotes were 1st cells that evolved
i.e. bacteria & blue green algae
live in a wide variety of environments & very abundant
endosymbiosis - theory that eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic relationship between various prokaryotes & developed into larger, more complex organisms
prokaryotes generally smaller & simpler than eukaryotes
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

9. PROKARYOTE CELLS EUKARYOTE CELLS
may have cilia or flagella (vary in composition)
can have cell wall (vary in complexity)
cell/plasma membrane
(vary)
cytoplasm
have chromosomes, which contains DNA which contains genes
ribosomes which read genes to make proteins
belong to Bacteria Kingdoms (bacteria & archaebacteria)
unicellular
no nucleus – no nuclear membrane or nucleoli
no membrane enclosed organelles (except ribosomes)
DNA exists as a single, circular strand & is located in nucleoid (area w/out a protective membrane)
surrounded by capsule
no cytoskeleton
belong to Fungi, Plant, Animal, & Protista Kingdoms
uni- or multicellular
have nucleus w/ nuclear membrane/envelope & nucleoli
membrane enclosed organelles
DNA exists as many strands & is contained in a nucleus
cytoskeleton
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

10. Anatomy & Physiology: Introduction
made of peptidoglycans (protein-sugars)
made of phospholipids
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Anatomy & Physiology: Introduction

11. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
Cells: Plant Vs. Animal
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

12. PLANT CELLS ANIMAL CELLS
cell wall made of cellulose
can absorb liquids
chloroplast
create food by photosynthesis (autotroph)
have central vacuole
have plastids
usually boxy, square, or angular shapes
similar in size
cell membrane
eukaryotic
(nucleus)
DNA & nucleolus
ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum
no cell wall
no cellulose so can’t absorb much liquid
can’t produce own food (heterotroph)
have lysosomes
have centrioles
have cilia
small vacuoles
usually spherical or free formed - can be variety of shapes
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

13. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
Plant Vs. Animal Cells
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

14. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
Plant Vs. Animal Cells
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

15. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
Plant Vs. Animal Cells
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

16. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
Plant Vs. Animal Cells
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function

17. Biology: Cell Structure & Function
Plant Vs. Animal Cells
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Biology: Cell Structure & Function