1. Off-line Physics at ISOLDE during LS2
Richard Catherall
ISOLDE Technical Coordinator
on behalf of the ISOLDE Collaboration
10th LS2 Committee Meeting
31st March 2017
Off-line = stand-alone mode = winter physics = stable beam = “long-lived radioactive ion beams”
All without protons

2. ISOLDE & HIE-ISOLDE: Operation during LS2
Justification:
Minimize the impact of LS2 on the European Nuclear Physics program
Make efficient use of the cool-down period before intervening in the target area
6 months cool-down before interventions (ALARA principle)
Use beams for developments, machine characterization, experiment calibrations, testing to make efficient use of the facility for post-LS2
For MEDICIS, continue to provide isotopes for medical applications
Winter physics program
Long-lived RIBs
Using previously irradiated targets and imported sources
Cold check out
Stable beam exercises
Testing of FEs and beam line alignment
Start and end dates to be defined (few months at least)
ISOLDE Operation
ISOLDE Operation
MEDICIS Operation MEDICIS Operation
2019
2020
Non-LHC Experiments - Chamonix 2017

3. The ISOLDE Facility Class A labs MEDICIS Experimental hall HRS target
HIE-ISOLDE
HIE-ISOLDE Linac
Target area
Experimental hall
Protons
GPS target
HRS target
CRIS
COLLAPS
REX
ISOLTRAP
Travelling Setup
MEDICIS
Class A labs
MINIBALL
ISS
SPEDE
ISOLDE Decay
Station

4. Radioactive Ion Beam Production
The ISOLDE Facility can operate in stand-alone mode provided the infrastructure and equipment are operational.
Target units can be tailor-made to produce stable or long-lived radioactive ion beams
spallation
fragmentation
fission
1.4 GeV protons
Front End (target station)
Target Unit

5. ISOLDE Separators
HRS
GPS

6. Stable ion beam production (1)
The 2 separators can provide stable beam for all low energy experiments AND REX/HIE-ISOLDE
For the target, all we require is an ion source and a readily available stable element
Impurities, chemical compounds, gas

7. Stable ion beam production (2)
REX can provide beam for all experiments coupled to the HIE-ISOLDE beam lines.
It has its own ion source and/or can use rest gas from the REX-EBIS to produce multi-charged ion beams.
Experiments that could take beam from HIE-ISOLDE:
MINIBALL
HIFI
ISS
ACTAR
SPECMAT

8. Radioactive ion beam production(1)
Use previously irradiated targets
Either after a previous physics run
Depends on number of protons taken
Or “charged” targets
Targets that take protons at the end of 2018 but are kept cold to avoid release of radioisotopes.
IS475 in Th (T1/2=1.913y) alpha decayed into the isotope of interest 224Ra.
To produce long-lived radioactive ion beams
Activities will be low but sufficient for experiments

9. Radioactive ion beam production(2)
Import radioactive material from external institutes
Material can be placed in a target unit either at the institute or at ISOLDE in the Class A laboratories
Examples:
7Be T1/2 = 57 days
graphite bombarded with 590 MeV protons at PSI
44Ti T1/2 = 60.4 years
Chemical extraction from beam dump at PSI
169Er T1/2 = 9.4 days
Enriched 168Er at high flux reactor ILL, Grenoble

10. Erbium-169: an example of imported sources
Identified as a promising candidate for both imaging and therapeutic treatment of cancer cells

11. Required infrastructure and systems
Cooling
Targets, magnets, pumps, REX….
Ventilation
Target area for target changes and hall for opening beam lines
ISOLDE Vacuum system
Controls
Both local equipment and control system
Beam diagnostics
Power supplies and HT
Magnets
RP monitoring
Controlled access
Cryogenics and RF (for REX/HIE-ISOLDE only)
The operation of these systems must be compatible with planned LS2 work both at ISOLDE and elsewhere

12. Required resources (operations)
BE-OP for target and beam line operation including HIE-ISOLDE
No piquet service
Support for all other services
Best effort
RP for monitoring of activities, target changes, radioactive source handling
EN-STI-RBS for target characterization and production
EN-STI-LP for RILIS ionization schemes
EN-STI for robot and conveyor system operation.
EP-SME-IS for experiments

13. Proposition Keep ISOLDE operational from November 2018 till May 2019
With the exception of the Christmas break
No maintenance
Minimise the number of target changes
Approximately 10 over the 6 month period
Tailor targets to suit stable beam/physics needs
Multiple possibilities from one target
No on-call service
Nights or weekends
Operation during working hours only
Defined schedule and accept experiments/developments proposed to the INTC and approved by the Research Board

14. Examples of possible experiments/developments
REX/HIE-ISOLDE
stable beam for machine characterization
RILIS
stable beam for development of new ionization techniques
Ionisation of specific long-lived elements
Target and ion source development
And the following experiments….

15. Laser-polarization and beta-NMR setup
LS2 request for long-lived beams
Spin polarized short-lived nuclei can be used in the beta-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) technique, which is part of an ISOLDE-based ERC Grant (EU-funded 5- year project)
In 2016 spin-polarized long-lived isomers have been for the first time applied in a technique similar to beta-NMR (Nature, 2016):
gamma radiation allowed sensitive NMR signals
long-lived Xe isomer was used for an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) picture
The feasibility of this approach for long-lived beams of other chemical elements produced at ISOLDE can be tested during LS2
The list of interesting long-lived candidates will be identified in summer/autumn 2017, when a master student will start working on the project
Low energy 15

16. Laser-polarization and beta-NMR setup
LS2 request for stable beams
Spin polarized radioactive nuclei are interesting in various fields of research:
Nuclear physics
Fundamental interactions
Biology (NMR, ISOLDE-based ERC Grant) and medicine (MRI)
To allow efficient development of laser-polarized radioactive beams, a setup allowing to determine the degree of spin-polarization is under development
Access to stable beams during LS2 will allow the development of laser- polarization schemes for several chemical elements: e.g. Ca, Cu, Zn, Tm, Lu:
No break in 5-year ERC project, minimization of risk of scientific audit from EU
Low energy 16

17. ISOLTRAP spectrometer
RFQ cooler and buncher
MR-TOF MS
Bradbury-Nielsen beam gate
Preparation
trap
Precision
MCP
85Rb+
PI-ICR technique
TOF-ICR technique
Low energy
- High-precision measurement of low electron-capture Q-values in search for candidates for the determination of the electron neutrino mass.
- INTC document CERN-INTC (test case approved and will be measured before LS2; the two pairs of high interest, 159Dy-159Tb and 175Hf-175Lu, will be requested by addendum)
F. Herfurth et al., NIM A 469, 254 (2001).
R. N. Wolf et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom 313, 8 (2012).
G. Savard et al., Phys. Lett. A 158, 247 (1991).
M. König et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 142, 95 (1995).

18. Low energy Laser spectroscopy of light nuclear systems C, N, O , F
→ Key to understand the emergence of nuclear phenomena
→ Important benchmark for the development of nuclear theory
→ Not studied yet by laser spectroscopy
C, N, O , F
Require several developments that can be tested with
stable beams
Low energy
→ Optimize bunching of light ions with ISCOOL
→ ISCOOL properties and influence on the energy spread needs to be explored
→ The sensitivity to nuclear observables for different atomics transitions can be studied at CRIS/COLLAPS.
→ Novel developments are planned to improve sensitivity and resolution.
LS2 -> A unique opportunity to perform these developments!

19. Stable beam for MIRACLS
electrostatic mirror
ion bunch
laser
Multi Ion Reflection Apparatus for Collinear Laser Spectroscopy (MIRACLS)
new, ERC supported project at ISOLDE (EIBT-LS)
promises large gains in experimental sensitivity for collinear laser spectroscopy
simulation
laser frequency [a.u.]
counts
r=1 000
MIRACLS
conventional CLS
r=1
Low energy
Stable Beam from ISOLDE in 2020 (and 2019 if possible)
indispensable to establish and optimise ion transfer from ISOLDE to MIRACLS prior to online beam; especially capture&trapping of bunches from ISCOOL
benchmark entire measurement cycle
develop second stage of project for nuclides with I≠0
requested beams: Mg, Sr, possibly Cd
S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, ERC StG EIBT-LS

20. Miniball during LS2 HIE-ISOLDE
Coulomb excitation with stable/long-lived beams.
226Ra (T1/2 = 1600 a; beam from ISOLDE)
150Nd (enriched target; *any* stable beam from EBIS)
Many more examples using EBIS beams as probes!
Determine nuclear shape and study shell structure.
HIE-ISOLDE
226Ra: pear-shaped?
Powerful and flexible device/technique.
Can do physics independent of ISOLDE;
EBIS beams at REX/HIE energies.

21. ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer (ISS)
ISS solenoid in ISOLDE Hall
Helical orbit spectrometer principle
4T solenoid
HIE-ISOLDE
Stable beam tests of new Si array for ISS during LS2
so ready for physics with radioactive beams after LS2.
REX or HIE energies; HIE-ISOLDE preferred
86Kr(d,p)87Kr
HELIOS – D.K. Sharp, PRC 87 (2013)
Typical test beams: 22Ne, 38Ar, 86Kr, 136Xe
Test beam tuning, recoil detectors, DAQ,…
Physics with ”rare” stable/long-lived isotopes;
- low abundance, target chemistry (gases/reactive elements), …
Measure ISS improvements over HELIOS;
- energy resolution, efficiency, …

22. HIFI Hie Isolde Fragment Identifier
USING RADIOACTIVE BEAMS in INVERSE KINEMATICS
HIE-ISOLDE
identification of reaction products
physical separation of isobaric beams or other beam contaminants
Design Parameters
large enough angular acceptance to pick up sequential decay products
excellent angular resolution to allow kinematic reconstruction – missing momentum
Zero-degree Hie-Isolde
The HIFI spectrometer will be a extension of the existing MINIBALL

23. MEDICIS
The MEDICIS facility should be operational by the end of this year.
A mass separator for the production of isotopes for medical applications
Works on the same principle as ISOLDE in stand-alone mode
But on a smaller scale
Used or dedicated targets are transferred to the mass separator and operated
Imported sources
Could eventually work throughout LS2
No major interventions planned

24. Conclusion
Efficient use can be made of the ISOLDE facility during the cooling period of LS2 to provide both stable beams and long-lived radioisotopes to in-house groups and fixed experiments
Provided the various sub-systems are operational and a minimum of resources are available
Stable beam will also be required in 2020 for Frontend commissioning and checking of the re-aligned beam-lines.
All requests for 2019 will be channelled through the INTC in a dedicated session this June.
All proposals are open to discussion

25. Thank you for your attention
And thank you for the contributions by:
Magda Kowalska
Stephan Malbrunot
Maria Garcia Borge
Karl Johnston
Ronald Fernando Garcia Ruiz
Liam Gaffney
Olof Tengblad