1. Kingdom: Plants Domain Eukarya 2007-2008 Domain Bacteria Archaea
Common ancestor

2. Let’s see where we’ve been: To begin, copy this diagram in your notes.

3. The first plants
For more than 3 billion years, Earth’s terrestrial surface was lifeless
life evolved in the oceans
1st photosynthetic eukaryotes were aquatic green algae
Chlamydomonas

4. Present day relatives to ancient plants
Chara (charophytes
Coelochaete
Protists: all live in what kind of enviroment?
Spirogyra
Volvox

5. Evolution of Land Plants
500 mya land plants evolved -- why--
special adaptations for life on dry land
protection from drying = desiccation
waxy cuticle
gas exchange (through cuticle)
stomates
water & nutrient conducting systems
xylem & phloem
protection for embryo
seeds

6. Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants
Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds
Angiosperm flowers & fruit
conifers
flowering plants
mosses
ferns
seed plants
vascular plants
colonization of land

7. Animal vs. Plant life cycle
Animals are
Plants are
diploid multicellular 2n
diploid multicellular
sporophytes 2n
Meiosis
produces
mitosis
Meiosis
produces
fertilization
Gametes n
Used for?
Spores, n.
Grow by
Fertilization
Development by:
Mitosis
produces
unicellular
gametes, n.
Used for?
Into multicellular
Gametophyte n
mitosis
Draw this circle:
alternation of generations!

8. The first land plants were…
Bryophytes: mosses, horn- & liverworts
non-vascular
no water transport system
no true roots
flagellated swimming sperm
lifecycle dominated by haploid gametophyte stage
haploid
diploid
Where must mosses live?

10. fuzzy moss plant you are familiar with is haploid
spores for reproduction
haploid cells which sprout to form gametophyte
‘n’
By meiosis!
‘2n’
By mitosis!

11. Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts

12. “Peat Moss”
Peat Bog

13. First vascular plants Pteridophytes: ferns vascular swimming sperm
Diploid sporophyte
First vascular plants
Pteridophytes: ferns
vascular
water transport system
xylem, phloem, roots, leaves
swimming sperm
flagellated sperm
Where must ferns live?
Haploid sporangia

14. Common ferns are diploid sporophytes, produce spores by meiosis
Common ferns are diploid sporophytes, produce spores by meiosis. These grow up to be Gametophytes; inconspicuous
Antheridia, archegonia produce gametes

15. Pteridophytes: Ferns, horsetails, club mosses
Selaginella
Psilotum
Ground pine (club moss)
Ferns

16. & now, a little review… Where are the sporangia located on ferns?
Which generation is dominant in bryophytes?
Pteridophytes?
What produces male gametes in seedless plants?
Female gametes?
OK GOOD! Let’s move on.

17. The Fern gametophyte (n)
The alternate generation
Small, haploid, produces gametes
homospory: male & female on same plant
archegonia
antheridia

18. Early Pteridophytes: Tree Ferns
With fronds like these who needs enemies!
Fossil fuels…
I get it!
Carboniferous forest – mya
Forests of seedless plants decayed into deposits of coal & oil

19. Ch 30

20. Gymnosperms: conifers Vascular, heterospory
First seed plants
Gymnosperms: conifers
Vascular, heterospory
Male, female gametophytes separate
seeds
naked (no fruit)
pollen
contains male gametophyte

21. Familiar conifers are diploid sporophytes
gametophyte is greatly reduced, microscopic Reduction protects delicate egg & embryo within protective sporophyte tissues
protected from drought, UV radiation

22. Odd but interesting Gymnosperm: ginkgo (G Bilboa)
Smell like feces
Flagellated sperm

23. Early Gymnosperm: cycads

24. Gymnosperm: conifers

25. male female sporangium & pollen male (pollen) cones female cones
pine embryo

26. Pollen = male gametophyte
Pollen eliminated the need for water for fertilization
spread through wind & by animals
Whose got allergies?

27. Angiosperms: flowering plants
sporophyte dominant
Vascular, seed bearing
Flowering
Heterosporous; pollen, ovules
2 spore types develop in 2 locations
seeds enclosed in fruit
Grasses, flowers,trees
& shrubs are are diploid
Sporophytes with
Microscopic gametophytes

28. Angiosperm: flowering plants

29. Angiosperm life cycle male gametophyte in pollen (haploid)
Polar
nuclei
Angiosperm life cycle
Pollen grains
male gametophyte in pollen (haploid)
Egg
cell
fertilization
female gametophyte in ovary (haploid)
sporophyte in seed (diploid)

30. The male angiosperm gametophyte

31. Flower Modified shoot with 4 rings of modified leaves sepals petals
stamens
male
carpel
female
Anther
Filament
Stamen
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Carpel
Sepal
Petal
Ovule
sepals
petals
stamens
carpel

32. Co-evolution: flowers & pollinators
How a bee sees a flower…insects see UV light = a bulls-eye to the nectar

33. Angiosperm: fruiting plants

34. Other fruits…

35. Seeds result from double fertilization, in angio’s
Seed & Plant embryo
seed coat
Seed offers…
protection for embryo
stored nutrients for growth of embryo
endosperm
cotyledons
embryo
Seeds result from double fertilization, in angio’s
cotyledons = “seed” leaves,
first leaves of new plant

36. Monocots & dicots Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes
dicots (eudicot)
2 cotyledons (seed leaves)
leaves with network of veins
woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans
monocots
1 cotyledon
leaves with parallel veins
grasses, palms, lilies

38. Any Questions??