2. Accelerating Agriculture productivity in India - Issues and Opportunities

3. India and Agricultural productivity
In the past 50 years, Indian agriculture has undergone a major transformation, from dependence on food aid to becoming a consistent net food exporter.
Power availability vs Land productivity
Rice yield (t/ha)
Wheat yield (t/ha)
Agricultural growth has improved in the recent years still Productivity levels shows that India has underperformed relative to its potential.

4. Key challenges in front of us
To feed the Growing Population
India would need an annual food grain production of 333 Million Tonnes by 2050 1 .
Farmers move out to other jobs which offer them more money and esteem
To ensure Farmer sustainability . 2
Double
farmer
income

5. Key challenges in front of us1 .
Feed the Growing Population 2 .
By accelerating Agriculture Productivity and Profitability
Ensure Farmer sustainability

6. How can we define
Agricultural
Productiv ty

7. Are we really talking about?
Are we really talking about
Making the land
More productive

8. Or more retained income by farmer without proportional
increase of MSP ?

9. Or more retained income by farmer without proportional
increase of MSP ?
or both ?

10. Defining Agriculture Productivity
Common definition
Agriculture productivity is mostly explained in terms of “Yield per hectare” which is only a ‘Partial measure of productivity’
Input Factors
Output Factors
Land area under Cultivation.
Direct/indirect labour force.
Mechanization & other Capex
Seeds and Fertilizers
Water resources/ Irrigation efforts
Pesticide & other chemicals used
Actual production of Main crop
Revenue from Sub crops
Revenue from sale of By-Products
Impact on Nature and land
Investments for next season.
Revenue from animals (if any).

11. Defining Agriculture Productivity
Common definition
Agriculture productivity is mostly explained in terms of “Yield per hectare” which is only a ‘Partial measure of productivity’
Input Factors
Land area under Cultivation.
Direct/indirect labour force.
Mechanization & other Capex
Seeds and Fertilizers
Water resources/ Irrigation efforts
Pesticide & other chemicals used
Output Factors
Actual production of Main crop
Revenue from Sub crops
Revenue from sale of By-Products
Impact on Nature and land
Investments for next season.
Revenue from animals (if any).

12. Defining Agriculture Productivity
Common definition
Agriculture productivity is mostly explained in terms of “Yield per hectare” which is only a ‘Partial measure of productivity’
Input Factors
Output Factors
Land area under Cultivation.
Direct/indirect labour force.
Mechanization & other Capex
Seeds and Fertilizers
Water resources/ Irrigation efforts
Pesticide & other chemicals used
Actual production of Main crop
Revenue from Sub crops
Revenue from sale of By-Products
Impact on Nature and land
Investments for next season.
Revenue from animals (if any).
Often missed out factors
Agricultural Productivity should be defined more in terms of total revenue earned by the farmer.
Therefore

13. { } Farm Productivity - x
A simple measure of Agriculture Productivity of a farm land would be the Retained earning of the farmer, calculated as below:
Retained earning of the farmer
Price per Kg realised = { } -
Cost per Kg incurred
Kg per hectare x
But this mode of calculation again misses out on some of the Non-monetary inputs/outputs which also play a vital role in determining the long term profitability of a farmer.

14. { } { } Farm Productivity - x Retained earning of the farmer
Highly Market driven factor.
Entire world becoming one market.
Storage can stop distress sale.
Transparency can fetch better rates.
Multi- cropping can bring in more sources of revenue { } { }
Retained earning of the farmer
Price per Kg realised = -
Cost per Kg incurred
Kg per hectare x

15. { } { } Farm Productivity - x Retained earning of the farmer
Highly Market driven factor.
Entire world becoming one market.
Storage can stop distress sale.
Transparency can fetch better rates.
Multi- cropping can bring in more sources of revenue
Additional earning Animal Husbandry { } { }
Retained earning of the farmer
Price per Kg realised = -
Cost per Kg incurred
Kg per hectare x

16. { } { } Farm Productivity - x Retained earning of the farmer
Seeds
Fertilizers
Water
Electricity
Pesticides
Labour
Mechanisation { } { }
Retained earning of the farmer
Price per Kg realised = -
Cost per Kg incurred
Kg per hectare x

17. Precision Farming can reduce input costs
Farm Productivity
Precision Farming can reduce input costs
Seeds
Fertilizers
Water
Electricity
Pesticides
Labour
Mechanisation
Retained earning of the farmer
Price per Kg realised = { } -
Cost per Kg incurred
Kg per hectare x

18. Bio Farm can offset and reduce costs.
Farm Productivity
Bio Farm can offset and reduce costs.
Seeds
Fertilizers
Water
Electricity
Pesticides
Labour
Mechanisation { } { }
Retained earning of the farmer
Price per Kg realised = -
Cost per Kg incurred
Kg per hectare x

19. { } { } Farm Productivity - x Retained earning of the farmer
Precision Farming
High quality
seeds
Agronomic Practices
Natural inputs { } { }
Retained earning of the farmer
Price per Kg realised = -
Cost per Kg incurred
Kg per hectare x

20. Profitability vs Sustainability
Till now we are singularly focused on increasing production often at the cost of undermining the Natural resource base.
Soil and water degradation may now limit productivity.
Yield improvement could be achieved only by using better inputs more effectively.
Green manures and Vermi Compost nourishes the soil and enhances fertility.
Sustainability factor
Agricultural productivity no where considers the value it adds to human prosperity.
Eg: An Organic produce might not give high productivity levels yet its being appreciated.
Human Prosperity

21. And this explains the need for an
Integrated
Approach
in farming

22. Integrated Farming Model Protect from wind losses
Primary/Secondary Tillage
Fertilizer/nutrients spreading
Pesticide/Chemicals spraying
Harvesting – Reaper/Thresher
Transport of produce to Market
Creation of Bunds.
Run water pumps.
Creation of Rain harvesting
Creation of Bunds
Water retention/Anti erosion
Pesticide/Chemicals spraying
Transport of produce to Market
Paddy Wheat Maize
MEDIUM TERM CROPS
LONG TERM CROPS
Mango Sesbania Eucalyptus
Protect from wind losses
/soil erosion
VERMI COMPOSTING
Manure
Residues
Fodder
SHORT TERM CROPS
Watermelon Veggies Tubers
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Cattle Poultry Fishery
WATER MANAGEMENT
Land Preparation: Tilling, levelling
Transport of produce to Market
Creation of Ponds.
Transfer of Inputs & residues

23. Mechanization in todays Agri value chain
Selective
Nutrition
Bio Farm
initiatives
Minimum
tillage
Balancing
Nutrients
Water
retention
Anti erosion
measures
Soil erosion
banks
Seeding
Mechanise
Colourband
Others
Chemical
Pesticides
Centralised
On farm
Climatic
conditions
Transportation
To storage
To market
Mandis
Govt.
State
Central
Markets
Support
pricing
Subsidies
R & R
saving
Irrigation
Harvesting
De weed
Storage
Sorting
& Grading
Marketing
Mechanisation
PARTIAL
Transport
to store
Rice/wheat
Soya
Orchards
Vineyards
application
Land Preparation
Secondary Tillage
Seeding
Land
leveling
Fertilize

24. Expanding the Mechanization Spectrum
Sorting
& Grading
Secondary Tillage
Seeding
Irrigation
Harvesting
Marketing
Support
pricing
Water
retention
Rice/wheat
Mechanise
Minimum
tillage
Water
saving
Soya
Orchards
Colourband
Subsidies
Anti erosion
measures
Others
R & R
Vineyards
Mechanisation
COMPLETE
Balancing
Nutrients
On farm
Chemical
Soil erosion
banks
Centralised
To storage
Mandis
Bio Farm
initiatives
Selective
application
Transport
to store
Govt.
Mechanise
Land
leveling
Selective
Nutrition
To market
State
Climatic
conditions
Central
Land Preparation
Fertilize
Pesticides
De weed
Storage
Transportation
Markets

25. Four pronged approach

26. { } Key to Agriculture Prosperity x Ensure Farmer sustainability
Feed the Growing Population
Agriculture prosperity of the Nation
More retained earnings per Kg of crop =
More Kg per hectare x { }