1. Electrostatic Charge and the Electrical Structure of Matter
Review – Parts of the atom
Charged objects
Law of electric charges
Balloons on the wall and bad hair days in winter
Electrostatic series
Charging by friction, contact and induction
Shocks and lightning
Lightning and your car
Tesla coils
Electrostatic applications
Grounding

2. Electric Fun!
You walk across the rug, reach for the doorknob and ZAP!!! You get a shock.
Or, you come inside from the cold, pull off your hat and......BOING!!! All your hair stands on end.
What is going on here?
What is it that is moving around?
And why does it happen more in the winter?

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4. REVIEW: PARTS OF AN ATOM
In the middle of each atom is a nucleus. The nucleus contains two kinds of tiny particles, called protons and neutrons.
_______________

5. ELECTRICAL CHARGES
Particle
CHARGE
MASS
_______

6. Neutral Objects Atoms:
When the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons, _______

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8. Stealing or Giving Away Electrons
Friction: One very common way is to rub two objects together __________
The more rubbing, the more electrons move

9. Friction and Charge Build-up
View the simulation below and observe what occurs when friction increases

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11. Law of Electric Charges
Law 1: Opposites attract: Two things with opposite, or different charges (a positive and a negative) will attract, or pull towards each other.
Law 2: ______

12. Law 3 Positive attracts Neutral objects, AND ________
WEIRD!.... But Why?
Because neutral has a + or a – charge.

13. A Neutral Wall Attracts a Balloon
If you charge a balloon by rubbing it on your hair, it picks up extra electrons and has a negative charge.
Holding it near a neutral wall will make the negative charges in the wall move away. Why?

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15. Balloon Example
Click the image below

16. BAD HAIR in the WINTER
So what does all this have to do with shocks? Or hair full of static?
When you take off your wool hat, it rubs against your hair. ________

17. BAD HAIR in the WINTER
Things with the same charge repel each other. So the hairs try to get as far from each other as possible. This can also be accomplished using a Van Der Graaf generator.
In slideshow mode, click the image above and the video will automatically open in your browser.

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19. Electrostatic Series
If you rub human hair and wool together, which will lose and which will gain electrons?
Polyethylene and Silk?
Rubber and Cotton?
Glass and Sulphur?

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Sparks
If there are enough positive (+) charges on one object and enough negative (−) charges on the surface of the other object ______
These videos have been removed

21. Lightning
Becomes very “negative”
Becomes very “positive”

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23. Static Electricity Puzzles
Using the law of electric charges, identify the charge of the pith balls described below:
Four pith balls are suspended by insulating threads. The following observations are made:
Pith ball #3 is negatively charged
Pith ball #4 attracts all the other pith balls
Pith balls #1 and #2 repel each other
Pith ball #3 attracts all other pith balls

24. Static Electricity Puzzles
Start by drawing what you know
4 balls
Pith ball #3 is negatively charged
Pith ball #4 attracts all the other pith balls
Pith balls #1 and #2 repel each other
Pith ball #3 attracts all other pith balls

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26. Charging Objects There are 3 ways an object can become charged
1) _______
2) _______
3) _______

27. Friction Review
Static electricity is produced by rubbing different surfaces together
This causes both surfaces to obtain a different charge
Before rubbing: both objects are neutral
___________

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29. Static Shocks
In the case of static electricity, your body has developed some level of negative charge.
When you move your hand towards an uncharged objects (especially metals) the excess electrons you have transfer to that object.
The movement of the electrons can sometimes be seen as a spark and can occasionally be painful due to the speed at which the electrons transfer.

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31. Induction
An electric charge is transferred from one substance to another without direct contact.
________

32. Induced Charge Separation
A shift in position of the electrons that produces opposite charge on TWO sides of a particle + -

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34. Charging by induction using a positive rod

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38. Create a comparison chart
Use a chart to compare the following topics covered so far
Charging by friction
Charging by contact
Charging by induction
Your chart should have the following headings for each topic
Topic
How it’s charged
Charge it receives relative to charged exposed to
Does the altered charged last?
From above
Describe how the object becomes charged
Is the charge the object receives the same, or opposite to the object that gave it that charge?
When the object is isolated will it retain the charge it was given?

39. Static Electricity Applications
Grounding
Dangers of static build-up
Reducing pollution
Painting
Lightning and Tesla Coils

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41. Grounding
The third plug on a typical electrical outlet is the ground. It takes the excess electrical buildup and sends it into the ground.

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43. Reducing Factory Waste
Smoke stacks have charged areas which attract certain pollutants (sulfuric acid) and stop them from entering the air
_________

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45. Electrostatic Spray Painting
_________
The object to be painted is either neutral or oppositely charged
The paint is attracted to the object
Paint goes on evenly and very little is lost

46. Photocopying
When the copier is being set up to make a copy, an electrode, called a corotron, deposits a positive charge, in darkness, uniformly over the entire surface of the selenium – Step 1
________

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49. To create a copy of this image, the paper is given a positive charge which attracts the toner particles, forming an image on it (Step 4).
To “fix,” or immobilize, the image, heat from pressure rollers melts the plastic toner particles, fusing them to the paper (Step 5).

50. Lightning and your car
Why is your car a good place to be during a lightning storm?
It has rubber tires
It has a metal exterior
It’s warm and comfy

51. Tesla Coil – Artificial Lightning
Voltages can get to be well above 1,000,000 volts and are discharged in the form of electrical arcs (lightning).
They create extremely powerful electrical fields. Large coils have been known to wirelessly light up florescent lights up to 50 feet away