1. PERSPECTIVES OF COLLABORATION FOR FUTURE GLOBAL SPACE GOVERNANCE – A REGIONAL STUDY
Mukund Rao
National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore, India
With
K R Sridhara Murthi Jain University, India; Yuichiro Nagai The University of Tokyo, Japan; Hideaki Shiroyama The University of Tokyo, Japan; Motoko Uchitomi The University of Tokyo, Japan; Tan Cheng Hai Singapore Space Technology Association; Rogel Mari Sese National Space Development Program, Philippines and Tunku Intan Mainura Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia
Dr Mukund Rao Dr. Mukund Rao has over 31 years of experience in GIS and EO  in government and business environment. Presently he is involved in building the vision of National GIS for India as Member-Secretary of National GIS Interim Core Group. His has authored a document on National Geographic Information Policy - a DST sponsored policy research study. He has vast experience of GIS and EO Solutions business development/consulting. He has been engaged in implementing of large GIS projects in India, ME, APAC, USA and NZ.
PRESENTATION AT 5th Manfred Lachs International Conference on
Global Space Governance and the UN 2030 Agenda
McGill UNIVERSITY, Montreal
May 5-7, 2017

2. Introduction - Background and Purposes of This Study
Background of this study
Need for development of space policy studies in Asia Pacific region
Space Policy and LAw Network in Asia Pacific (SPLANAP)
Promotion of cooperation among researchers and experts in this region
Japan, India, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand participate in SPLANAP
Adjunct Workshop at APRSAF
Regional study coordinated by UoT and NIAS
Research on the current and projected space policy and programs in the AP region
Japan, India, Malaysia, Singapore (Phase-I); ……others in Phase-II
Purposes of this study
To study and analyse space programs and governance structures
To examine commonalities and differences (uniqueness)
To find possible areas for future cooperation – bi-lateral, regional and multi-lateral

3. The Study Now, Next (Dec, 2017),
Space policy analysis of Japan and India (2015)　→　IAC 2015 in Jerusalem
Comparing space program and policy perspectives – Japan and India
Identifying commonalities and uniqueness of space activities
Joint research in this year (2016) → IAC 2016 in Guadalajara
Analyzing specific opportunities of Japan-India space collaboration
Examining how potential opportunities for collaboration can be stepped into a concrete cooperative mechanism
Now,
Expanding of the scope of space policy analysis
Including other Asia Pacific nations - Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore . . .
Next (Dec, 2017),
Preparing UoT-NIAS regional space policy and cooperation opportunities report for APRSAF

4. Japan’s 2015 Basic Plan on Space Policy
The 2015 Basic Plan on Space Policy
Working together with international society to address global challenges by using Japan’s space technology
Energy, climate change, environmental issues, food problem, natural disasters. . .
Promoting use of space in the Asia Pacific region
Earth observation
Communication
Positioning & navigation
Developing space activities in the Asia Pacific region:
Promoting joint R&D and joint space program
Sharing satellite information
Assisting capacity building
Creating new commercial market for space goods and services in the Asia Pacific region
Meeting the needs of emerging spacefaring countries for space goods, services, and infrastructure
Major objectives for Japan of regional space cooperation
Playing an important role in international and regional society as a leading spacefaring nation in Asia
Contributing socio-economic development in Asia
Sharing role and cost in implementing space program based on a common objectives
Strengthening diplomatic relations with Asian countries, especially with ASEAN nations
Making international relations in Asia better
Sharing the common interests with Asian nations in using space for a long term
Encouraging Japan’s space industry to access to developing markets in Asia for space goods, services, and infrastructure

5. Space Transportation Systems Creating New Social Values
Japan’s 2015 Basic Plan on Space Policy
Natural disaster
Earthquake
Tsunami
Volcanic eruption
Typhoon etc.
Security
Information gathering
Surveillance and warning
Communication etc.
Other global issues
Resources/ Energy
Climate change
Environment etc.
prevention, response, management, and relief
Resources management, Environment monitoring, Ocean monitoring
Enhancing C3ISR
Building Space Systems as a Social Infrastructure
Communication
Remote sensing
Positioning
Weather forecasting
Space Transportation Systems
H-IIA
Epsilon
New generation of launch vehicle (H-3)
Government supports
Creating New Social Values
Improvement of everyday life of people)
Economic growth
Creating job
The promotion of private sector’s efforts
Creating robust/new and competitive space industry sector
By using various satellite information (remote sensing, positioning, etc.)
Agriculture, fishery, maritime safety, weather services, indoor positioning, etc.
Challenges for space application business
How to meet various needs with limited cost
Cost-benefit performance, Infrequency of observation, real-time information, accuracy of data
Regional characteristics: necessary data may vary among different region and peoples
Literacy of users: need for user-friendly application

6. INDIAN SPACE – “SPACE FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT”
NATURAL RESOURCES MGMT.
CROPS, WATER, LAND
FORESTS & ENVIRONMENT
MINERALS AND ENERGY
POSITIONING AND NAVIGATION
NATIONAL POS SERVICE
NAVIGATION APPS AND LBS
GEODYNAMICS
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
EMERGENCY COMMN – VOICE/DATA
WARNING & ALERTS
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT & REHAB
TECHNOLOGY
LAUNCH VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
SATELLITES TECHNOLOGY
HSF TECHNOLOGY
GROUND SEGMENT
SPACE FOR NATIONAL DEV
HIGH-END TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY
AUTONOMOUS ACCESS TO SPACE
SPACE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
SPACE INTERNATIONAL COOP
CORE NATIONAL CAPABILITY
NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
TELEVISION/RADIO – DTH/CABLE/SATRADIO
REMOTE-AREA COMM
VSAT & DATA CONNECTIVITY
SEARCH AND RESCUE
GOVERNANCE & SOCIAL APP
TELE-EDUCATION
TELE-MEDICINE & HEALTH NETWORKS
PUBLIC INFORMATION INFRA
NATIONAL GIS
EARTH SCIENCE
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
OCEANS
ATMOSPHERE
SCIENCE
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SPACE POLICY BEING WORKED UPON
NATIONAL SECURITY & DEFENCE
INTELLIGENCE/SURVEILLANCE/ OPERATIONS
HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT
STUDIES, TECHNOLOGY DEV 6

7. Indian Space – Key Metrics
Past 40 years, cumulative budget allocated INR 930 billion; utilisation INR 612 billion.  
Realised 143 missions (88 Spacecraft; 61 LV;2 RE; 8 Student satellites) - missions in Space exploration (CHANDRAYAN-1, MOM & ASTROSAT), Satellite Navigation (IRNSS & GAGAN), communications (14 satellites; ~260 transponders), Earth observation (12 LEO + 3 GEO).
Independent access to space and indigenous satellite manufacturing capability
Wide use of space for National Development:
INSAT systems for DTH, VSAT data communications business.
IRS images usage for governance and national building activities.  
Weather and ocean services from NSAT and Oceansat images/data.  
Space technology for Disaster Management Support
Forays in planetary missions through Chandrayaan-1 and MOM-1 for advanced scientific studies. 
Global commercial operations 180 commercial/foreign satellites (23 nations) on its PSLV; sale of IRS images and value-addition services and
Intensive Bi-lateral, Regional and multi-lateral international cooperation

8. INDIA LAUNCHES SOUTH ASIA SATELLITE ON GSLV – MAY 5, 2017
“A promise to extend the advanced space technology for the cause of growth and prosperity of South Asia”
– PM Modi (after launch on May 5, 2017)

9. SPACE ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA
Space science and technology programme:
Building of space infrastructures: national observatory, remote sensing centres, research on space science, space systems management/operations:
communication,
navigation and positioning, and
remote sensing
7 satellites launched - used for communications services and applications, remote sensing, earth observations and space science.
Astronaut programme (following on to Malaysian astronaut Datuk Sheikh Muszaphar who went on ISS in 2007) :
To inspire - for excellence, a unity of purpose, instil identity ……. promote national resolve.
To instil the interest of young Malaysians to explore new areas of science and technology
Space education programme:
National Planetarium: Equipped with theatre, display gallery and observatory tower
Astronomical workshops for school teachers.
Space camps, poster contest and workshops for school children.
Model Rocket launching contest for public

10. SPACE ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA
ANGKASA is in the process of developing “Malaysian Space Policy”:
set out the vision and goals of Malaysian space activities for the new century
provide strategic context for investments in space exploration and exploitation by the Government and industry in order that they contribute effectively towards the socio-economic well-being of the nation,
mobilize and organize the resources (financial, manpower & institutional) to make such investments work for the nation in term of enhancing the productivity and skill-levels of the key economic sectors as well as the generation of high value added products, processes and services and 
establish the framework for the effective performance of the various actors involved in the exploration and exploitation of space including the engagement with external parties.

11. Philippines Space-Related Programs and Activities

12. National Space Development and Utilization Policy - Philippines
Philippines Space Act, 2016

13. Singapore Space Activities

14. Singapore Space Law & Policy Status

15. A level of Comparison……………
Japan
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Initiation
1960s – space science research
1980s – space applications
1970s – space applications
1990s – space applications
Capability
Launchers; Satellite building; Space Apps; Intl. Coop
Launchers; Satellite building; Space App; Intl. Coop
Smallsat dev; Space App; Space Education
Smallsat dev; Space Appl.
Smallsat dev; Space Appl; Space Education
Space Policy
Basic Space Policy 2008/2015;
RS Data Policy; Satcom Policy
Under work
Philippines Space Act 2016 -
Organisation Frame
National Space Agency under Executive
National Space Agency under Legislature
Exploring national space agency
Space Industry
High-end – mainly contractor role
Emerging
International Cooperation
Bi-lateral (Missions/Tech); Regional (Services); Intl.(Planet./Science);
Bi-lateral (Services); Regional (Sharing); International (Policy)
Bi-lateral (Services); Regional (Sharing); Intl. (Policy)
Bi-lateral (Services); Regional (Sharing)
MAJOR FOCUS ON REGIONAL COOPERATION – APRSAF; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION - COPUOS
Space Diplomacy
Bi-lateral; Regional and Intl. offerings
UN AGENDA
SPACE UTILISATION FOR SDG – A MAJOR THRUST

16. Potential areas of future Japan-India space cooperation
Space policy and law coordination
Joint space mission
space science, exploration, and application
Satellite navigation
ISS utilization and future space exploration
Space application for disaster management
Space robotics
Security-related efforts
Maritime domain awareness and space situational awareness
Regional contribution to the Asia Pacific region (APRSAF…..)
Industrial collaboration
The outcome of UoT-NIAS joint research in 2016, which was presented at IAC 2016 in Mexico

17. Conclusion - Regional cooperation in Future Space Governance
Japan-India bilateral space cooperation
Embarking on Japan-India bilateral joint space mission
Mutually complementing space capabilities with common objectives
Space science, asteroid mission, planetary exploration, human spaceflight technology, space application (weather, remote sensing, positioning, etc.)
Setting up space policy coordination mechanism
Expanding regional space collaboration in the Asia Pacific region
Contributing the use of space for regional benefits in the Asia Pacific region
Satellite positioning, disaster management, climate change study
Regional space policy research would also be beneficial
Fostering multi-track collaboration in the Asia Pacific region
Space policy dialogue: government level
APRSAF: space agencies level
Industrial collaboration: private sector
Space policy and law research collaboration: academia/researcher level

18. Thank you