1. Pesticides Substances that kill or control pests Broad-spectrum
Includes insects, rodents, and weeds
Allow greater crop yields
Can kill or harm organisms other than the intended target
Use is regulated by FIFRA
Broad-spectrum
Kill lots of different species of pest
Selective
Kill only one species or type of pest

2. Pesticides Persistent Nonpersistent Do not break down easily
Kill organisms longer
Remain in the air, soil, or body tissues like fat or bone
Nonpersistent
Can break down easily
Must be applied more often

3. Pesticides Resistance Pesticide Treadmill
Some pests survive exposure to pesticides
They pass their resistant genes and traits on to offspring
Resistant pest population increases
Pesticide Treadmill
Stronger pesticides must continually be developed to kill resistant pests

4. FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
Established 1947, amended and 1988
Gives the EPA authority over registering pesticides
Restricts the use of pesticides
Regulates the sale, transport, disposal and storage of pesticides
Requires that harmful effects be made publicly known

5. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Combines multiple agricultural techniques to control pests and minimize pesticide use
Crop rotation
Prevents crop-specific pests and diseases
Intercropping
Uses plants that deter pests
Pest-resistant crops
Creating habitats for predators of pests
Ladybugs, parasitic wasps

6. Biological Pest Control*
Also called biocontrol
Involves using natural predators and diseases of pests
Ladybugs
Parasitic wasps
Myxomatosis virus
Can be disastrous if not researched properly
Mongoose
Cane toads

7. Ecosystem-Based Farming
Cattle graze fields and fertilize grass with manure
Produce meat and dairy for consumers
Poultry eat bugs and other organisms attracted by manure
Produce meat and eggs for consumers
Manure that collects inside a barn is layered with grass and corncobs
Makes food for pigs
Breaks down and creates compost for fertilizer
Joel Salatin, Polyface Farms
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