1. Viruses -nonliving pathogens
-pathogen is anything that causes a disease.
-Why are viruses classified as being nonliving?
1. not made up of cells
2. has no organelles
3. has no metabolism

2. Viruses must use living cells as host:
-uses the host cell to make more
viruses
-can not function outside
the host cell
Viruses do have:
-their own copy of DNA or RNA but LACKS its own cytoplasm or ribosomes so it can not do anything with the DNA.

3. Domain?
-none/ it is not living
Kingdom?
-once again none/ it is not living.

4. General structure of a virus:
1. A core of either
DNA or RNA
2. Protein Coat/capsule surrounding the genetic material. Capsules have specific shaped “receptor sites” proteins which only allow them to attach on to a specific type of cell that has a complementary shaped protein receptor.

5. A B C D a. Tobacco plants b. Digestive system (#1 cause of diarrhea)
c. Respiratory system
d. Bacteria

6. Rabies…..nerve cells
Measles….skin cells
HIV……white blood cells

7. #1 enemy of a bacteria cell
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

9. Viruses cause:
-Common colds
-Chicken pox
-Measles
-AIDS
-Warts
-Cold sores
-Flu

10. Two types of Viral Infections:
1. Virulent Viruses:
-causes illnesses immediately
-Ex/ flu and common cold
-enter the “Lytic Cycle”

12. Lytic Cycle:

13. 2. Temperate Virus
-does not cause disease immediately but exist inside host for weeks, months or even years.
-EX/ AIDS, Warts, Cold sores

15. Lysogenic Cycle:

16. Control of viruses within our bodies: Our own defense system
Our bodies 1st line of defense:
- Skin
-pathogen must enter through an opening.

17. Our bodies 2nd line of defense:
-White blood cells
(WBC’s)
-WBC’s leave blood
stream and travel to
the site of infection WBC’s engulf the
pathogen.
Recipe for pus?????

18. Our bodies 3rd line of defense:
-Antibodies
-Proteins made by WBC’s
-Very specific/memory cells
-For each foreign body that enters your body, your WBC’s makes a specific antibody to destroy it.
-Remain in your body and can be used at anytime.

19. Example: Get the measles or chicken pox once, you build up antibodies which will protect you for life from getting them again.
Chicken pox
Measles

20. Vaccine: -injection of a weakened form of a virus -stimulates body
to make antibodies
-stays in body and destroys virus if it enters

21. Booster shot:
-revaccination
to “boost” your immunity.