1. Roots of Revolution (*paradox) End of Salutary Neglect
English mad at colonists
Passage of laws…
Representative government

2. Mercantilism and Colonial Grievances
Ex. The Navigation Laws of 1651
Stated that all goods flowing to and from the colonies could only be transported in BR vessels, BR sailors, etc…
Doubly abused w/ mercantilist policies
NO (Direct) REPRESENTATION

3. The Stamp Tax Uproar
Due to the F&I War, Britain had a very large debt
In 1763, PM George Grenville ordered the British navy to begin strictly enforcing the Navigation Laws
Designed to raise tax revenue in the colonies for England
Navy ordered to step up enforcement
Violators will be tried in
Maritime tribunal lead by British-appointed judge (no trial by jury)
Guilty until proven innocent
Those courts (v-a) “degrade every American…below the rank of an Englishman”
-J. Adams

4. The Stamp Tax Uproar cont.
Required colonies to provide food and housing for Br troops = !
Mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of tax to raise revenue for defense
Colonies were given the option of paying for their own defense or the possibility of a stamp tax
Benjamin Franklin  proposed colonial representation in Parliament
Rejected as too radical
“No taxation without representation!”
Legislation by Parliament  o.k.
Taxation by Parliament  unjust
British imperial system being imposed did not regard the colonial assemblies

5. Questions to Consider
What do you think were the goals of the British imperial reformers?
Briefly outline why the colonists objected to new taxes in Were their objections justified?

6. Parliament Forced to Repeal the Stamp Act
of 1765
27 delegates from colonies in NYC
Created statement of rights and grievances
Requested the King and Parliament repeal
Began erosion of sectional suspicions
Early step towards intercolonial unity
Agreements made to not import British goods  effective and united colonists
The and
Enforcing the nonimportation agreements
The Stamp Act was repealed by Parliament in 1766
Parliament passed the
Reaffirmed its right “to bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

7. Stamp Act
Example:
For every skin or piece of vellum or parchment, or sheet or piece of paper, on which shall be engrossed, written, or printed, any declaration, plea, replication, rejoinder, demurrer or other pleading, or any copy thereof; in any court of law within the British colonies and plantations in America, a stamp duty of three pence.
March 22, 1765
Colonial Response 

8. A dummy dressed like the Stamp Collector is attacked
Colonial protest:
A dummy dressed like the Stamp Collector is attacked
Crowd Protest

9. The Bostonians Paying the Excise-man, or Tarring and Feathering?
Crowd Protest ? ? ?
“What can a Governor do without the assistance of the Governed?”
-Phila. customs collector ? ?

10. Ideological Roots of Resistance*
Seaports at center
Biggest direct impact
Urban distillers
Newspapers/printers
Lawyers
artisans
Liberties and privileges in charters being denied
“natural rights”
Reason to criticize traditional political practices
Colonists praised their efforts during the Commonwealth Era t limit royal power
*Lawyers took the lead and organized resistance

11. Taxes Tax Tax levied on goods coming into the colonies
Sugar, molasses, foreign goods
Colonists had no say in how these taxes were spent, but generally felt Parliament had the right to levy the tax
(This position changed so that any tax for revenue purposes was considered unconstitutional )
Tax levied on goods produced within the colonies to raise money
Newspapers, official documents, goods, and services
Colonists had no say in how this money was spent,
No representation in Parliament, so they thought the right to levy internal taxes should belong to the colonists only… !

12. The Townshend Acts In 1767, Parliament passed the
Light import tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea
raised
American military expenses
Colonial civil list 
Instead of colonial assemblies
More power
Asserted power of Parliament to tax the colonies
Colonies again lead a successful of Br goods
Most colonies supported  colonial unity growing
British officials, faced with a breakdown of law and order landed 4,000 troops in the colonies in 1768

13. Lord North Capitulates
Repeal of Townshend duties under Lord North
Tax on tea retained
(1773 Tea Act)
John Dickinson

14. The Boston Massacre or The Incident on King Street
Colonists verbally abused and harassed a sentry who was then supported by eight other soldiers
A soldier opened fire without orders
colonists killed / wounded
Soldiers put on trial
Trial prevented British retaliation and kept moderates on Patriot side

15. (The Seditious) Committees of Correspondence
Samuel Adams-
formed the first local  created by colonies in order to maintain communication with one another
Massachusetts in 1772 (Sons of Liberty)
1773 Virginia proposed each colonial legislature appoint a standing committee for intercolonial correspondence
Within just a year, nearly all of the colonies had joined
(The organized boycott helped contribute to repeal of Townshend Acts
As well as Boston Massacre…)

16. Tea Parties at Boston and Elsewhere
1773 the was overstocked with 17 million pounds of unsold tea
If the company collapsed, the London government would
Therefore, the Br. government gave the company a full of the tea sale in America 
Fearing that it was trick to pay more on tea, the Americans rejected the tea. 
When the ships arrived in the Boston harbor, the governor of Massachusetts, , forced the citizens to allow the ships to unload their tea.
On , a band of Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea.  ( )

17. Tea Issues British East India’s financial problems
Dutch tea being smuggled
Authority of Parliament over colonies without seating colonial representatives in Parliament
Ships carrying tea to Phila. and NYC forced to return to England

20. Parliament Passes the "Intolerable Acts"
1774
Parliament punished the people of MA for their actions in the Boston Tea Party  Parliament passed laws, known as the or
Restricted colonists' rights:
INTOLERABLE ACTS
Boston Port Act
Massachusetts Government Act
Administration of Justice Act
Quartering Act
*Quebec Act

21. The (First) Continental Congress
In 1774, the 1st
Meets in Philadelphia about the Intolerable Acts
colonies (no ), sent 55 delegates to the convention 
After 7 weeks of deliberation, drew up several papers
A Declaration of Rights and solemn appeals to other British-American colonies, to the king, and to the British people
The creation of was the most important outcome of the Congress
Called for a complete of British goods
Non-importation, non-exportation, and non-consumption

22. “The Shot Heard Round the World” Lexington and Concord
In April 1775, the British commander in Boston sent troops to
They were to
Samuel Adams and John Hancock
At shots were fired
This incident was labeled as the “ " 
When the British went on to , they were met with stronger American resistance
British suffer more casualties on the retreat back to Boston than in skirmishes
The British had a war, rather than a rebellion on their hands

23. Concord Hymn
By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world.
The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; And Time the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps.
On this green bank, by this soft stream, We set to-day a votive stone; That memory may their deed redeem, When, like our sires, our sons are gone.
Spirit, that made those heroes dare To die, and leave their children free, Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee.

25. 2nd Continental Congress
De facto national government of colonies
May 10, 1775 – March 6, 1781

27. The Colonies Hover Between Peace & War
“No man was a warmer wisher for a reconciliation than myself, before the fatal nineteenth of April, 1775, but…”
July 8, 1775 
A return to the “former harmony” between England and the colonies
King George III rejected
Ordered naval blockade of American coast
Publication of “ ”
Jan 10, 1776
“I find Common Sense is working a powerful change in the minds of many men.”

28. Colonists could stand up to British troops
Battle of “ Hill”
June 17, 1775
Colonists could stand up to British troops