1. Histology of urinary system
Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
Department of Histology FMUI
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2. Objective – urinary system
Histology: microscopic stucture
Histo-physiology: microscopic structure – function relationship
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3. Introduction Urinary system Kidneys Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
Urinary system
Kidneys
Calyces
Minor
Major
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
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4. Kidneys Indentation-hilus
Kidneys
Indentation-hilus
pelvis renis ureter
Artery
Vein
Cortex (outside) – medullary tissue= medullary rays (processus Ferreini)
Medulla (center) – cortical tissue= columna renalis Bertini
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5. Kidney – blood vessels -arteries
Artery renalis – segmental - lobar
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery= intralobular artery= A. corticalis radiata
Aferent arteriole
Capilaries (glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
Cortex: peritubular capillaries –stellate vein (subcapsular)
Medulla: vasa recta (A-V)
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6. Kidney – nephron http://kenpitts.net/bio/human_anat/kidney_nephron.gif
Maphigian corpuscle
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule (parietal)
Bowman’s (urinary) space
Convoluted tubules
Proximal
Distal
Straight tubules - ansa (loop of) Henle
Thick ascending limb
Thick descending limb
Loop of Henle – (thin limb)
Collecting duct (tubule)
Ductus papillaris Bellini
Calyces
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7. Malphigian (renal) corpuscle http://www. elsevierimages
Malphigian (renal) corpuscle /000/034/ x0475.jpg
Tubular pole - PCT
Vascular pole
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Apparatus juxta glomerular
Macula densa (DCT)
Juxta glomerular cells (epiteloid, J-G cells - afferent arteriole)
Cushion cells (Polkissen, Lacis, extra glomerular mesangial, Goormaghtigh cells )
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8. Ultrafiltration http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/rnguide.htm
Glomerular ultrafiltrate = plasma – macromol (-)
Glomerulus
Glomerular capillaries
Endothelium – fenestrated
Filtration membrane – basement membrane
Endothelium
podocytes
Podocytes – (inner- visceral) Bowman’s capsule – pedicels – filtration slit - diaphragm
Mesangium
Mesangial cells
matrix
Ultrafiltration
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9. Ultrafiltration - filtration barrier http://www. siumed
Ultrafiltration - filtration barrier rnguide.htm
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10. Renal tubules Tubulus contortus (convoluted tubules)
Proximal
Lumen – brush border (microvilli)
Simple cuboidal
nuclei – far
Cytoplasm – acido-
Distal
Lumen - microvili <<
Nuclei – close
Cytoplasm - basophil
Location
cortex – near glomerulus
columna Bertini
Renal tubules
Ansa Henle (loop of Henle)
Thick limb – < CT
Descending ≈ proximal CT
Ascending ≈ distal CT
Thin limb – simple squamous epithelium ≈ capillary
Location
medulla
processus Ferreini
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11. Collecting tubules (duct)
Ductus papillaris Bellini
Location: top pyramid – papilla – to minor calyx
Lumen > CD
Epithelium – simple columnar
Basophilic
Cell border – very sharply visible –
Ductus colligens
Location
Processus Ferreini (cortical)
Medulla
Epithelium – simple cuboidal
Basophilic
Cell border – visible
Not part of nephron
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12. Calyces – renal pelvis Pearson-2004
Minor
Open to major calyx
Major
To renal pelvis
Renal pelvis– major – minor calyx
Shape – funnel
Layers
Transitional epithelium
Connective tissue
Smooth muscle
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13. Ureter Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia Transitional epithelium
Ureter
Mucosa
Transitional epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis
Long – sir (2/3 prox)
Long – sir – long (1/3 distal)
Adventitia
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14. Vesica urinaria (urinary bladder)
Mucosa
Transitional epithelium – dome shaped cells (umbrella cells)
Lamina propria
Dense irregular coll
Loose CT : coll, elastic (subM)
Trigonum Lieutaudi (orifices –ureter-urethra)
Muscularis-smooth muscle
3 layers –irregular
Neck: long-sir (internal sphincter urethra) -long
Serosa/adventitia
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15. Urethra Female -4-5 cm Short Erectile coat Muscularis Mucosa-long fold
Epithelium
Trans-begin
Str sq non K
Pseudostr-
patches
L propria
Fibroelastic
Mucous gl
(Littre)
Erectile coat
Muscularis
Long-sir
Sphinter
(after perineum)
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16. Urethra – male Snell, 2000 Pars prostatica 3-4 cm – in prostaate gland
Mucosa
Transitional epithelium
Lamina propria (all region)
loose fibroelastic CT
Mucous gland (Littre)
Openings
tiny ducts-prostate
Ejaculatory duct
Prostatic utricle (uterus homologue - rudimentary
Pars membranacea
Spongy urethra (pars penilis, pars cavernosa)
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17. Urethra-male Pars membranacea Pars penilis 1-2 cm Epithelium
Stratified columnar
Pseudostratified columnar - patches
Pars penilis
15 cm
Penis – glans penis (terminal part- enlarged= navicular fossa)  external urethral orifice
Corpus spongiosum (CC urethra) – erectile tissue – vascular spaces
Pseudostratified (patches)
Stratified squamous nonK (patches, navicular fossa)
Corpus cavernosum penis
A profunda penis
Urethra-male
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18. References Gartner, Hiatt. Color textbook of Histology, 3rd ed, 2007
000/000/034/ x0475.jpg
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19. References
Snell RS. Clinical anatomy for medical students. 6th ed. Lippincot William & Wilkins, 2000
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