1. International Relations
English School
International Relations

2. Basic Concepts the existence of order in anarchical IR
the re-occurrence of orders despite their short existence
ideological confrontation rather then state conflict
3 international societies: Ancient Chinese, Greco-Roman and modern society – as an identification issue – emerged within one region, considered themselves a civilized world

3. System and Society
international system: system of states formed when two or more states have sufficient contact between them and sufficient impact on another’s decisions causing them to behave as a parts of whole
international society: group of states conscious of common interests and values form a society as they conceive themselves as bout by common rules in their relations

4. Current society first truly global society
not bound by language or common culture
have spread from Europe
3 primary goals of all societies: 1. constraint of violence, 2. upholding property rights, 3. ensuring keeping of agreements
can include states with different cultures and political philosophies

5. Order and justice solidarist and pluralist conceptions of society
solidarist: solidarity exists among states, with respect to enforcement of law (just / unjust war)
pluralism: states do not exhibit solidarity and respect the law only partially – non-intervention, respect of sovereignty
how society emerges? how important is justice, can it be sacrifice for preserving the order?
contradictory phenomenon – equality or justice

6. Moral value of order
conflicting view on justice, however order is universal value
states tend to maintain order – respect for sovereignty and principle of non-intervention
existence of society: evidence that progress has been made in relations of states – they have agreed on principles of co-existence
has order higher value then justice? how about human rights or humanitarian intervention?

7. Revolt against the West
the idea of society is of European origin – the creation of truly global society had 5 stages:
1. struggle for equal sovereignty (China, Japan)
2. political revolt of former colonies for independence
3. racial revolt to abolish slavery/apartheid/segregation
4. economic revolt against exploitation
5. cultural revolt + religious revolt

8. Contradictions value of human rights or sovereignty
will the difference and conflict broaden in the future – religious radicalism ?
the difference between North and South
issues bounding the society together: failing states, natural disasters, proliferation of WMD, environmental issues, terrorism, etc.

9. Critique
realist: international norms do not influence policy of states – states are bound by interests
liberal: it downplays domestic politics
economy: fails to evaluate the influence of trade
transnationalism: does not take into account other then state players
global society: neglects social relations binding individuals and states

10. The Triad
Traditional: the international system (states), international society (states) world society (non-state actors + individuals)
Current issue : relations of territorial and non-territorial forms of human organization + the mixed entities operating on the same territory (EU)
Distinction between society and community: community as a deep concept, besides membership of an identity group contains a degree of responsibility towards other memberts

11. Society / Community
Community is about shared identity/ normatively grounded – idea of common interest within it
Society is about agreed norms of behaviour/ norm- governed form of association – specific norms different that those creating community
Community represents a key element to society
Different perceptions

12. Modern triad Interstate societies – solidarism and pluralism
Transnational societies – different forms of relations
Interhuman societies – based on ideas, interests, large- scale or fragmented
What values are shared, and how and why are they shares?