1. ANCIENT HISTORY of CHINA
Unit #2 – East Asia
Lesson #2
ANCIENT HISTORY of CHINA

2. Chinese History Time periods divided into “Dynasties”
John Green 12 m
Time periods divided into “Dynasties”
A dynasty is a time of one family in power
Chinese believed rules ruled because God willed it.
God showed he no longer wanted the family by punishing the whole country
That means they lost “the mandate of heaven

3. Dynasties Shang Zhou Qin (Chin) Han ** Sui Tang Song Yuan (Mongols)
Ming
Qing (Ching) (Manchus)
Mongols
Shi Huandi
(First Emperor) 3

5. Dynastic Cycle (329)
New Dynasty claims
Mandate of Heaven

6. Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
GOOD TIMES
PROBLEMS
AGING DYNASTY

7. Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
GOOD TIMES
Fair laws
land to peasants
Repair of defenses
Economy Strong
PROBLEMS
AGING DYNASTY

8. Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
GOOD TIMES
Fair laws
land to peasants
Repair of defenses
Economy Strong
PROBLEMS
AGING DYNASTY
Public works projects ignored
Wars with foreigners lost
Taxes increase – burden falls on poor
Defensive walls in state of disrepair

9. Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
GOOD TIMES
Fair laws
land to peasants
Repair of defenses
Economy Strong
PROBLEMS
Floods & natural disasters
Foreign invasions
Peasants suffering increases
Armed bandits roam land
Peasants rebel
AGING DYNASTY
Public works projects ignored
Wars with foreigners lost
Taxes increase – burden falls on poor
Defensive walls in state of disrepair

10. Philosophies & religion
Buddhism
ONE OF OLDEST RELIGIONS STILL IN PRACTICE TODAY
STARTED 6TH CENTURY BC IN NEPAL BY PRINCE SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
Confucianism
NOT A RELIGION; IT’S A WAY TO LIVE AN ORDERLY LIFE
STARTED 500 BC DURING AN ERA OF CHAOS
BECAME THE ANCHOR FOR THE CULTURE OF CHINA
Taoism (Daoism)
A VERY GENTLE CULTURE OF HARMONY WITH NATURE
STARTED SAME TIME AS BUDDHISM
Legalism
IS THE OLDEST OF THE FOUR, BUT ORGANIZED IN 200BC
VERY STRICT RULES WITH HARSH PUNISHMENTS

11. Buddhism in Japan Called ZEN BUDDHISM in Japan
Adopted by the Samurai as their official religion
(in China, they called it “Ch’en” Buddhism)
JAPANESE ZEN BUDDHIST TRADTIONS:
Tea Ceremony
Tea House
Meditation
Harmony with nature
Used to clear mind and gain control

13. Emperors of China
Shi Huangdi – the first emperor
Qin
Ruled by legalism
Feared invasion from Mongols
Constructed GREAT WALL to keep them out

14. Temple of Heaven

15. The Ming defeated the Mongols
Mongols had created __________ empire in world
Built _______________for Emperor
Built huge fleet
62 ships
25,000 sailors
“Ming” = __________
largest
Forbidden City
brilliance

16. The Forbidden City Describe what the Forbidden
City looks like, or the size of it.
3min documentary – start at 1:30

17. The Forbidden City the world's biggest ancient palace
almost 600 years old
9,999 rooms in 980 buildings
7,747,200 square feet / 180 acres
2x the size of the Vatican
26 ft high surrounding wall, 28 ft wide at the base
20 ft deep Moat outside the wall
Hall of Supreme Harmony is Largest structure at 98 ft tall.
9,000 eunuchs lived there.
~1 million laborers built the complex
24 emperors lived there.

19. Entrance to Forbidden City

20. Sedan Chair of the Emperor

42. (this road is in the movie “The Last Emperor”)

44. Early Trade with Europe
p. 343 (bottom right)
What did the Ming emperors do that made it hard for foreigners to trade with them?

45. Chinese sailing
Compare Chinese ships and sailing to European ships and sailing in the 1400s

47. (DRUGS CAN DESTROY EVEN THE GREATEST CIVILIZATION IN THE WORLD!)
THE OPIUM WAR
(DRUGS CAN DESTROY EVEN THE GREATEST CIVILIZATION IN THE WORLD!)

48. The Opium Trade China was arrogant about trading
Europeans wanted what China had
SILK
PORCELAIN CHINA
China demanded Europeans pay in GOLD
China DIDN’T WANT any European goods
Europeans wanted to dominate trade with China
So…

49. The Opium Addiction Europeans introduced OPIUM to Chinese youth
Europeans got them ADDICTED
Then, Europeans demanded GOLD for Opium
and… they got it
Chinese government demanded this stop
Chinese captured European ships carrying opium
Europeans saw this as an act of war…

50. What was the background to the Opium War?
Europeans had been pushed around by Chinese traders
Example: China accepted ONLY
gold for Chinese goods,
like porcelain and silks
The English looked for a way to change that imbalance
The English grew poppies in India (one of their colonies), manufactured that into Opium, and
Sold Opium to Chinese Traders
The traders got addicted, and gave
ANYTHING for more opium
The English demanded GOLD

51. How did the Opium War start?
China demanded an end to Opium imports
All Opium was destroyed, and the English traders were jailed
England called this an ACT OF WAR, and attacked China
China had become too arrogant and isolated for years
England had become technologically advanced beyond China
English won special trade rights called SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

52. The Ming were eventually defeated by the Manchus
Manchus created the _____Dynasty
Qing lasted until ______
The Last Emperor was ________
crowned at age ____in 1908
____ wives
Eventually was forced from
the Forbidden City
Qing
1911
Pu Yi 5
click 2

53. Pu Yi, the Last Emperor of China

54. Was Mao Zedong any good?
Mao is regarded as one of the most important individuals in modern world history.
Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China, modernizing China and building it into a world power, promoting the status of women, improving education and health care, and increasing life expectancy.

55. Chinese Civil War
After the last emperor surrendered the throne in 1911…
Civil War broke out
Three factions:
Communists
Nationalists
War Lords

56. History of China
1911 – The emperor resigned Civil War broke out 1937 – Japan invaded China (start of World War II) 1945 – Japan defeated by USA China claimed they defeated Japan 1949 – Communists defeated Nationalists Nationalists retreated to Taiwan We claimed Taiwan was “the” China