1. FUZZY BASED CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR BATTERY CHARGER APPLIED FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

2. CONTENTS ABSTRACT ELECTRIC VEHICLE - WORKING OF EV BATTERY
- LI-ION BATTERY
CHARGING
- FAST CHARGER
FC BLOCK DIAGRAM
- INPUT STAGE (PFC)
- OUTPUT STAGE
RESULTS

3. ABSTRACT
This project presents the functionality of a commercialized fast charger for a lithium-ion electric vehicle propulsion battery. The device is intended to operate in a battery switch station, allowing an up-to 1-h recharge of a 25-kWh depleted battery, removed from a vehicle. The charger is designed as a dual-stage-controlled ac/dc converter. The input stage consists of a three-phase full-bridge diode rectifier combined with a reduced rating shunt active power filter. The input stage creates an uncontrolled pulsating dc bus while complying with the grid codes by regulating the total harmonic distortion and power factor according to the predetermined permissible limits. The output stage is formed by six interleaved groups of two parallel dc–dc converters, fed by the uncontrolled dc bus and performing the battery charging process. The charger is capable of operating in any of the three typical charging modes: constant current, constant voltage, and constant power. Extended simulation and experimental results are shown to demonstrate the functionality of the device.

4. ELECTRIC VEHICLE 
An electric vehicle (EV) uses one or more electric motors  for propulsion.
An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery.
EVs release no air pollutants. they provide quiet and smooth operation and consequently have less noise and vibration than internal combustion engines.
EVs include road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels,  electric aircraft and electrically powered space vehicles.

5. Fig.1. trams
Fig.2. Apollo15LunarRover

6. WORKING OF EV
Fig.3. working of electric vehicle
The controller takes power from the batteries and delivers it to the motor. The accelerator pedal hooks to a pair of potentiometers (variable resistors), and these potentiometers provide the signal that tells the controller how much power it is supposed to deliver. The controller can deliver zero power (when the car is stopped), full power (when the driver floors the accelerator pedal), or any power level in between.

7. Modern rechargeable lithium ion batteries are commonly used in Ev’s.
BATTERY
The battery is undoubtedly the most critical component of an electric vehicle (EV).
The cost and weight as well as the reliability and driving range of the vehicle are strongly influenced by the battery characteristics.
Modern rechargeable lithium ion batteries are commonly used in Ev’s.

8. Lithium-ion is a low maintenance battery.
LI-ION BATTERY
A lithium-ion battery (sometimes Li-ion battery or LIB) is a rechargeable battery used in military, electric vehicle and aerospace applications.
The energy density of lithium-ion is typically twice that of the standard nickel-cadmium.
Lithium-ion is a low maintenance battery.
Self-discharge is less than half that of nickel- based batteries.

9. CHARGING There are two common types of vehicle battery chargers.
* The on-board (slow or low power) charger .The propulsion battery is recharged via the slow charger, plugged into a charging spot, while the vehicle is at parking lot .
* The off-board (fast or high power) charger. It is located at the battery switch station (BSS). The battery must be removed from the vehicle to be recharged via the fast charger.

10. Fig.4. Onboard charging

11. Fig.5. Off-board charging

12. When out of charge, the EV battery can be replaced at a BSS, allowing nearly uninterrupted long range driving.
The replacement process takes 2–4 min, similar to the duration of conventional refueling process.
The near empty battery, removed from a vehicle at the BSS, is recharged by an FC to be available as quickly as possible for the next customer.

13. FAST CHARGER
The FC is basically a controlled ac/dc power supply, drawing the power from the three-phase ac utility grid, converting it to dc and injecting it into the traction battery.
The input stage of the FC usually performs PF correction (PFC) according to the regulation requirements in addition to rectification. It can be accomplished by employing either an active rectifier, or a diode rectifier combined with a PFC circuit.
The output stage is formed by six interleaved groups of two dc–dc converters, reducing the input and output current ripples. Two independent control boards are employed: active filters control circuitry and the dc–dc control circuitry.

14. FC BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig.6. FC Block Diagram

15. Input stage (pfc)
Fig.7. Input Stage

16. Fig.8. (Blue; dashed) Input stage R-phase mains voltage and (green; solid) diode bridge current
Fig.9. Input stage performance (phase R): (Blue; dashed) Mains voltage and (green; solid) current
Fig.10. Input stage performance (phase R):(blue; dashed) diode bridge and (green; solid) APF currents.

17. Fig.11. Rectified voltage at Dc-Dc stage input

18. Output stage Fig.12. Buck Cell Structure
Fig.13.Individual buck cell inductor currents

19. Fig.14. Output Voltage Of DC-DC Converter
results
Fig.14. Output Voltage Of DC-DC Converter

20. Fig.15. Dc-Dc Converter With PI Controller

21. Output with pi controller
Fig.16. Output Voltage With PI Controller

22. With fuzzy controller
Fig.17. Dc-Dc- Converter With Fuzzy Controller

23. Output with fuzzy controller
Fig.18. Output Voltage With Fuzzy Controller

24. conclusion
Closed loop fuzzy systems offer better performance compared to open loop system. The device is capable of supplying up to 50-kW charging power to any battery, operating in 240–430-V voltage range. The charger topology may be referred to as a two stage controlled rectifier. The input stage consists of a three phase full-bridge rectifier combined with a reduced rating APF. The input stage creates an uncontrolled dc bus while complying with the grid codes by keeping the THD and PF within the permissible limits. The output stage is formed by six interleaved groups of two dc–dc converters, reducing the input and output current ripples. If PI controller is used the settling time of dc voltage is 0.06 sec, and after using fuzzy controller the settling time of dc voltage is 0.01 sec.

25. THANK YOU