1. A Small Size Wideband Planar Inverted-F Antenna For USB Dongle Devices
Paper ID:
Authors:
Hardeep Singh Saini1, Naveen Kumar2,Abhishek Thakur3, Rajesh Kumar4, Akhil Sharma5 
ECED, Indo Global College of Engineering (IGCE), Punjab, India
ECED, Thapar University, Punjab, India
22 April 2018

2. Outline Introduction Antennas for Mobile Handheld Devices
Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) Structure
Comparison between various antenna structures
Problem Definition
Objectives
Design Methodology
Simulations & Results
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
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3. Introduction
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4. Introduction
An Antenna converts electromagnetic radiation into electric current, or vice versa.
Need of Antenna :
For transmission and reception of the radio signal.
Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter to couple its electrical connection to the electromagnetic field. 
For electromagnetic waves carry signals through the air (or through space) at the speed of light with almost no transmission loss.
Wireless performance is completely dependent on a high performance antenna design and implementation. 
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5. Antennas for USB devices
Internal Antennas
Microstrip antennas (MSA)
Planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA)
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6. Antenna Type/ Parameters
Comparison Table
Antenna Type/ Parameters
Microstrip Patch
PIFA
Radiation Pattern
Directional
Omnidirectional
Gain
High
Moderate to high
Modeling & Fabrication
Easier to fabricate and model
Easier fabrication using PCB
Applications
Satellite Communication, Aircrafts
Internal antennas of Mobile phones
Merits
Low cost, Low weight, Easy in integration
Small size, Low cost, Reduced backward radiation for minimizing SAR
Problems
No bandpass filtering effect, surface-area requirement
Narrow bandwidth characteristic
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7. Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA)
PIFA is also referred to as short-circuited microstrip antenna due to the fact that its structure resembles to short-circuit MSA.
The shorting post near the feed point of PIFA structure is a good method for reducing the antenna size, but this result into the narrow impedance bandwidth which is one of the limitations.
By varying the size of the ground plane, the bandwidth of a PIFA can be adjusted and optimized.
The location and spacing between two shorting posts can be adjusted accordingly. L W
Ground Plane
Radiating Patch
Feed point h Lp Wp
Typical PIFA Structure
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8. Effect of Parameter Variation in PIFA
Parameters
Effects
Length
Determines resonance frequency
Width
Control impedance matching
Height
Control Bandwidth
Width of shorting plate
Effect on the anti-resonance and increase bandwidth
Feed position from shorting plate
Effect on resonance frequency and bandwidth
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9. Proposed Design 3D View of Proposed Antenna 22 April 2018 Lp Wp WgLg Wg
RT Duroid Substrate
Radiating Patch
Shorting Plate
Ground Plane Slot
Ground Plane
Feed
Pin h Wp Lp
3D View of Proposed Antenna
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10. Detailed Dimensions Parameter Value (mm) Lg 44 h 0.8 Wg 25 Lgs 17 Lp18
Wgs 3 Wp 20 Ls 4 Ws 8
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11. Simulated Return Loss (S11)
Resonant frequencies achieved are 2.49 GHz and 3.75 GHz with return loss of dB and dB respectively.
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12. Simulated Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
The value of VSWR can be seen in the plot and has to be less than 3 dB. The value is 2.95 dB & 1.56 dB at resonant frequencies 2.49 GHz & 3.75 GHz
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13. Fabricated Antenna
Measured Return Loss

14. Comparison of Proposed Design with Implemented Design in [10]
Antenna design parameters
Volume (mm3)
Resonant frequencies
Frequency bands covered
Design in[10]
1400
2.45 GHz
3.5 GHz
WLAN ( GHz),
WiMAX ( GHz)
Proposed Design
880
2.49 GHZ
3.75 GHz
4G LTE ( GHz),
WLAN/ Bluetooth ( GHz), WiMAX ( GHz)
% Overall Size Reduction= 100 – (880/1400) *100= 37.15

15. Conclusion
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16. Conclusion
There are few conclusions that can be drawn from this thesis work:
The designed antenna, built on PIFA structure, is very sensitive to any changes to the dimensions of the structure including the ground plane.
Ground plane of the antenna is used as a radiator resulting in overall size reduction and improvement in the operating bandwidth.
Also there is significant improvement Bandwidth & radiation efficiencies at obtained resonant frequencies.
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17. References
Kin-Lu Wong, “Planar Antennas for Wireless Communication”, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chapter: 2, Pages: 26-65, 2003.
C. Rowell, E.Y. Lam, “Mobile-phone antenna design”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 54, No. 4, Page(s): 14 – 34, 2012.
W. Geyi, Q. Rao, S. Ali, and D. Wang, “Handset Antenna Design: Practice and Theory”, Progress in Electromagnetic Research Journal (PIER), Vol. 80, Pages: 123–160, 2008.
Hang Wong, Kwai-Man Luk, Chi Hou Chan, Quan Xue, Kwok Kan So, Hau Wah Lai, “Small antennas in Wireless Communications”, Proceedings of the IEEE Journal, Vol. 100,  No. 7, Page(s): 2109 – 2121, 2012.
R. Vaughan, “Model and results for single mode PIFA antenna”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 4, Page(s): 4028 – 4031, 2004.
Taeho Son, “Feeding point determination for PIFA type mobile phone handset internal antenna”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 1A, Page(s): 475 – 478, 2005.
J.A. Ray, S.R.B. Chaudhuri, “A review of PIFA technology”, IEEE Indian Antenna week (IAW), Page(s): 1 – 4, 2011.
Y. Belhadef, N. Boukli Hacene, “PIFAs antennas design for mobile communications”, 7th IEEE International Workshop on Systems, Signal Processing and their Applications, Page(s): 119 – 122, 2011.
Hassan Tariq Chattha, Yi Huang, Xu Zhu, and Yang Lu, “An empirical equation for predicting the resonant frequency of planar inverted-F antennas”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.8, Page(s): 856 – 860, 2009.
Sun, X.L.; Cheung, S.W.; Yuk, T.I., "A dual-band antenna for wireless USB dongle applications," Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2013 International Workshop on , vol., no., pp.307,310, 4-6 March 2013
22 April 2018