1. The Industrial Revolution: Trends & Connections
California content standard 10.3
(E), (F), (G)

2. Review 10.3 (d) Factory System Caused New Problems
Child Labor
Unsafe Working Conditions
Overpopulated Cities
Environment
Rich vs. Poor
Created New Solutions
Labor Laws
Collective Bargaining (Unions)
Growing Middle Class
New Tax Revenue

3. Four Factors of Production
Land – Natural Resources
Coal, Water ways, Agriculture
Imperialism
Capital – Money to start the business.
Strong Banking System
Labor – Workers
Displaced Farmers
Increased Population
Entrepreneurs – Risk Takers
People with Ideas, Capital, and the guts to take the risk.

4. Capitalism Adam Smith Entrepreneurs are rewarded for risks
Wealth of Nations – Economy will prosper without government interference
Laissez-faire (let people do as they please)
Market System
Many Workers + Abundant Resources = Cheap Labor & Resources
Few Workers + Scarce Resources = Expensive labor & Resources
Entrepreneurs are rewarded for risks
Competition breeds better products at lower costs.
Anyone can become rich!
Wealth of one built on the backs of many.
Gap between rich and poor grows wider.

5. Labor Unions & Reform Laws
Unions: Voluntary labor associations.
Collective Bargaining: negotiations between workers and employers to better working conditions and increase pay.
Strike: Refusing to work until changes are made (originally illegal).

6. Response to Capitalism. .
Karl Marx – Wrote Communist Manifesto
Socialism- the means of production (land, capital, raw materials and factories) should be owned and controlled by society.
Communism- Believed there is a constant struggle between the “haves”(Bourgeoisie) and the “have-nots” (Proletariat).
“Workingmen of all countries, unite.”
Workers (proletariat) were the productive class. He wanted the people to own everything, no private property, no classes. The idea is that “from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.”

7. Comparing Two Systems…
Capitalism
Socialism
Individual/Businesses own property
Community or state owns property
Progress = when individuals follow their own self-interest
Progress = when a community cooperates for the good of all
Businesses compete for consumer’s money by producing goods/services that are better and less expensive
Capitalist employers take advantage of workers. Community must act to protect them
Consumers compete to buy the best goods at lowest prices
Unequal distribution of wealth and material goods is created; should be according to each person’s needs
Government should NOT interfere in the economy
Unequal distribution of wealth and materials is unfair; better to distribute based on need

8. Industrialism Effects
Lead to:
Abolition of Slavery
Fight for Women’s Rights
Immigration to other countries
Public Education
Prison Reform
Increase in DEMOCRACY…

9. Suffrage: The Right to Vote
Early 1800’s: Voting Limited to men who owned a substantial amount of land (5% of Population)
Middle Class, Workers, and Women excluded.
Wealthy middle class became more educated but had no representation in parliament.
1832 Reform Act
Extended suffrage to wealthy middle class
Increased voters to 18%
Excludes Workers and Women.
1838 Chartist Movement

10. Suffrage: The Right to Vote
People’s Charter of 1838 wanted:
Suffrage for all men
Annual Parliamentary elections
Access to Parliament
Secret Ballots
End Land Requirements
Parliament Rejects
1867 – Male Workers receive the right to vote
1884 – Male Rural Workers receive the right to vote
Early 1900’s All Demands of Chartist Movement met:
Yearly Elections
Secret Ballot
End of Property Requirements to serve in Parliament
Pay for members of Parliament

11. Women’s Suffrage
By 1890, several industrial countries had universal male suffrage.
No country allowed women to vote .
During the 1800s, women in both Great Britain and the United States worked to gain the right to vote. British women organized reform societies and protested unfair laws and customs.
Many people, both men and women, thought that women suffrage was too radical a break with tradition. Some claimed that women lacked the ability to take part in politics.
Emmeline Pankhurst formed the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in The WSPU became the most militant organization for women’s rights.
Though the woman suffrage movement gained attention between 1880 and 1914, its successes were gradual. Women did not gain the right to vote in national elections in Great Britain and the United States until after World War I.

12. Social Movements
Social Darwinism
Romanticism
Natural Selection & Survival of the Fittest applied to Human Society.
Non-European societies were "primitive" in an early stage of development towards the European ideal.
Was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement.
Characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature.