1. China-EU Employment and Social Security Policy Dialogue &Workshop
中国-欧盟就业和社保政策对话与研讨会
China-EU Employment and Social Security Policy Dialogue &Workshop

2. Social protection and employment trade off or synergies
Jean-Yves Hocquet
（ENSSS Higher National school for social security)

3. 1 Large diversity of national situations 2 European policy of social coordination under stress 3 Adjusting employer social contributions 4 One(often) forgotten goal ,reducing inequalities 5 Social protection as an employment opportunity

4. 1 Large diversity of national situations
a wide range of percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) dedicated to social spending
social spending has acted as an automatic stabilizer against the economic crisis for the whole EU24
the breakdown of the social spending and resources varies from country to country.

5. a wide range of percentage of the GDP dedicated to social spending
SP/GDP EU average 29% Danemark 34,00 % Latvia 15,10 %
Unemployment
EU average 10,90 % 2013
Germany 5%
Greece25%

6. social spending has acted as an automatic stabilizer against the economic crisis for the whole EU 24
Contributions to growth in real public social expenditure of cash and in-kind benefits in the EU

7. a partition in the field of resources
Trends in the proportion of public contribution devoted of social protection financing

8. Conclusion part 1 :prerequisites for policies
There is a risk to focus just on the relation between labour costs and employment and to ignore other factors:
tax system
wage moderation
investment in education and training …

9. 2 European policy of social coordination under stress
the social security coordination illustrates the challenges confronting the various MS in this regard
the open method of coordination (OMC) a way to progress on a common approach about social protection, and a bridge between employment and social protection policies

10. the social security coordination illustrates the challenges confronting the various MS in this regard
the EU has provided common rules to protect social security rights when moving within Europe ( to-day EU 28 + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) since the very beginning to facilitate the circulation of workers
the rules on social security coordination do not replace national systems because they were considered as a main feature of the national identity

11. the social security coordination illustrates the challenges confronting the various MS in this regard
50 years ago most of the mobile workers were migrant workers
today the mobile worker is more a border worker or a worker who in the same year, can alternate or enjoy simutaneously various status
new forms of work organization are helping to shake the traditional model

12. the open method of coordination (OMC) a way to progress on a common approach about social protection, and a bridge between employment and social protection policies
jointly identifying and defining objectives to be achieved (adopted by the Council);
jointly established measuring instruments (statistics, indicators, guidelines);
benchmarking, i.e. comparison of EU countries' performance and the exchange of best practices (monitored by the Commission).

13. the open method of coordination (OMC) a way to progress on a common approach about social protection, and a bridge between employment and social protection policies
draft joint employment report from the Commission and the Council accompanying the communication from the commission on the annual growth survey 2016 :
“MS have continued to modernize their social protection systems to facilitate labour market participation and to prevent and protect against risks throughout the life course.”

14. Conclusion Part 2: in search for a balanced approach
to keep and adapt social protection to maintain solidarity in a context labour costs reduction and deregulation

15. 3 Adjusting labour contributions
Two examples of the adjustment of employer contributions
decrease of social contributions
experience rated contributions

16. reductions in employers’ contributions
labour costs as a whole are related to labour productivity
payroll tax cuts targeted on lower-wage earners are generally found to be more effective in boosting the employment prospects of disadvantaged groups

17. reductions in employers’ contributions
Nominal unit labour cost developments in the EU-28, average year-on-year changes, and

18. reductions in employers' contributions
Need for an education/communication plans better linking :
employees’ contributions to their future benefits(wage claims moderation) .
employers’ contributions to the cost they incur to the system (in terms of benefit payments),

19. experience-rated contributions
experience rating for un employment benefits :
firms are to internalize the costs they generate for the scheme
from a complete pooling (single contribution for each company, regardless of its past layoffs) to a complete individualization of employer contributions (where each company bears the costs of past layoffs).

20. 4 one (often) forgotten goal : reducing inequalities
Inequality (Gini coefficient) of market income and disposable (net) income in the OECD
-market income disposable income

21. one forgotten goal :reducing inequalities
Contribution of social protection benefits and direct contributions on income to the reduction of income inequality

22. One(often) forgotten goal : reducing inequalities
Scandinavian countries: low primary and disposable income inequality, with a relatively limited redistributive impact of transfers and contributions.
others such as Ireland : high degree of primary income inequality and considerable redistributive efforts with transfers and contributions

23. Conclusion part 4:a concern not to forget
in European countries benefits in cash have substantially larger outcomes for redistribution than direct contributions (F, Sw)
Germany and the UK experience a more balanced impact of these two mechanisms.

24. 5 New job opportunities
Social services as employment opportunity ex LTC
Importance of fight against frauds and errors to make employment sustainable

25. social services as employment opportunity
Long-term care (LTC) is defined as a range of services and assistance for people who, depend on help for daily living activities and on some permanent nursing care
In 2008, long-term care workers represented 0.3% of the total working-age population in the Czech and Slovak Republics, compared to 3.6% in Sweden and 2.9% in Norway and Denmark.

26. importance of fight against frauds and errors to make employment sustainable
Fraud (e.g. undeclared work Aus 7 % Bulgaria 31%) undermines the confidence in the system:
unfair competition
deprivation of the social rights of workers

27. To conclude the Nordic model is faring rather well :
- appropriate mix in goods and services, which could support highly skilled workers with high salaries
high level of public service workers funded by a rather high level of taxes
the UK has achieved some impressive results :
limitation of wages but better integration into the labour market with an improvement of certain public services (health, education)

28. To conclude
Key factor of success : clarity on the compromise between employment and social protection which lacks in a mere technical approach