1. Industrial Revolution

2. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times

3. Industrialization
Industrialization: a shift from an agricultural (farming) economy to one based on industry (manufacturing)
Effect on Economy
City population increased (Urbanization)
New entrepreneurs emerged (more money = more technology/inventions)

4. What was the Industrial Revolution?
• The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machines
• The more efficient means of production and subsequent higher levels of production triggered far-reaching changes to industrialized societies
Machines were invented which replaced human labor
New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)
Some historians place advances in atomic, solar, and wind energy at the later stages of the Industrial Revolution
increased use of metals and minerals
Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.

5. Developments Mass production of goods
Increased numbers of goods
Increased diversity of goods produced
Development of factory system of production
Rural-to-urban migration
People left farms to work in cities
Development of capitalism
Financial capital for continued industrial growth
Development and growth of new socio-economic classes
Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class
Commitment to research and development
Investments in new technologies
Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth

6. Factories and Mass Production
The factory system changed the world of work;
Mass Production = the production of large amounts of standardized products, especially on assembly lines
Mass production began in U.S.
Elements:
Interchangeable parts
Assembly line
Production and repair faster and more efficient
Mass Production
Dramatic increase in production
Businesses charged less
Affordable goods
More repetitious jobs
Soon became norm
Effects

7. Inventions New Technologies Textiles Steam-became key power source
Iron-less expensive, better quality
Railroads-Changed the way raw materials, goods, and people moved
Textiles
Cotton Gin- quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds
Spinning Jenny-Spun many threads at the same time

8. Industrial Revolution Effects
Rise of Unions-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions
Goods were able to be produced much more cheaply
There were greater job opportunities
There was an increase in wealth and in general quality of life
An independent urban manufacturing business force arose
New inventions and innovations occurred; information spread, making the world “smaller”
Spurred the rise of large cities

9. Industrial Revolution Begins In Great Britain
Stable Government
No wars
Had capital (money) to invest in businesses
Had overseas markets (colonial empire)
Natural Resources
Coal (energy for machines)
Iron ore (for tools)
Large network of rivers to move products
Labor Supply
Growing population
Ready workforce
New Technology
Invention and improvement of steam engine

10. Knights of Labor
Believed unions before them failed because they limited their membership
Organized both skilled and unskilled workers, blacks, and women
By early 1880’s, became a national force
Goals:
8 hour work day
End of child labor
Equal pay for equal work
Graduated income tax

11. The Jungle Upton Sinclair
Written in 1906 to point out the troubles of the working class and the corruption of the American meatpacking industry in the early 20th Century
Depicts poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption of those in power
Legislation Resulting from The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (sanitary standards)
Pure Food and Drug Act (food and drug tests, labels on food products)
Lead to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by Theodore Roosevelt

12. Large Gaps between Rich & Poor
The “HAVE-NOTS”
The Poor, The Over-Worked,
and the Destitute
The “HAVES”
Bourgeois Life Thrived on the Luxuries of the Industrial Revolution
Benefited most

13. Positive Effects A global economy began to emerge (trade)
Increased world productivity
Growth of railroads (faster and more efficient transportation of goods and people)
New entrepreneurs emerged (more money = more technology/inventions)
New inventions improved quality of life for many
Labor eventually organized (unions) to improve working conditions
Laws were enacted to enforce health and safety codes in cities and factories
New opportunities for women
Rise of the middle class – size, power, and wealth expanded
Social structure becomes more flexible
A global economy began to emerge (trade)

14. Negative Effects FACTORY Cities Child labor Sweatshops
Miserable (dirty, cramped) and dangerous (fingers, limbs, & lives lost) working conditions
Long working hours – six days a week, with little pay
Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis spread through factories
Strikes
Cities
Tenement housing was poorly constructed, crowded, and cold

15. Factory System Developed to replace the domestic system of production
Faster method of production
Workers concentrated in a set location
Production anticipated demand
For example: Under the domestic system, a woman might select fabric and have a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make into a dress. Under the factory system, the factory owner bought large lots of popular fabrics and had workers create multiple dresses in common sizes, anticipating that women would buy them.

16. The Textile Industry Textiles – cloths or fabrics
First industry to be industrialized
Great Britain learned a lot about textiles from India and China

17. Social Effects Increase in population of cities
Women and children enter the workplace as cheap labor
Rise of labor unions
Introduction of reforms
Laws to protect children in the workplace
Minimum wage and maximum hour laws
Federal safety and health standards
Growth of the middle class
Increased production and higher demand for raw materials = growth of worldwide trade
Expansion of education
Women’s increased demands for suffrage
OBJECTIVE: SWBAT identify the social and economic impact of the Industrial Revolution through evaluating sources and completing a graphic organizer. STANDARDS:H.3.b; H.2.d; E.1.a

18. Capitalism
Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for a private profit
Free-market economy: decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are made by private actors
Profit goes to owners who invest in the business
Wages are paid to workers employed by companies and businesses

19. The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists
Socialism-An economic system in which the government owns or controls many of the means of the production and directly provides for many of the people’s needs
People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals
Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few
Tried to build perfect communities [utopias]

20. Communism
Communism- a political philosophy that aims for a classless and stateless society structured upon common ownership of the means of production and an end to private property
“Haves” -Bourgeoisie (benefited the most)
“Have Nots”-proletariat (working class)

21. Exit
What are some lasting effects of the Industrial Revolution?