1. Building Nations in the Middle East
Presentation #3

2. *Egypt’s location is strategically located
-It has a long border with Israel
-Controls Suez canal (man made sea level waterway in Egypt connecting Mediterranean sea and red sea)
*In 1952 Gamal Abdel Nasser(2nd president of Egypt) seized power, modernized, and stopped western domination in Egypt.
*In 1979 Nasser’s successor Anwar Sadat (3rd president of Egypt) became the first Arab leader to make peace with Israel
*Islamists denounced undemocratic governments failure to end corruption and poverty.
*In 1981 Muslim fundamentalists assassinated Sadat.

3. Egypt- A Leader Of The Many Arab Nations…
Egypt has the largest population of all the Arab Nations- most populated in the Nile River Valley.
Egypt is prized for it’s shared border with Israel, which puts it in control of the Suez Canal, which connects Europe to Asia and East Africa.
In 1979, Anwar Sadat, gained power of Egypt, and was the first Arab leader to make peace with Israel. He also broke ties with the Soviet Union and seeked out a connection with the U.S.
In 1981, Sadat was assassinated by Muslim fundamentalists. Hosni Mubarak was appointed leader, and extremists turned to terrorist attacks and government crackdowns increased support for the Islamists.

4. Hosni Mubarak
Born May 4, 1928
After high school… Egyptian Military Academy
Feb. 2, 1949… left the Academy and went to the Air Force
Appointed Vice President of Egypt in 1979

5. Hosni Mubarak President from October 14, 1981- February 11, 2011
He is the fourth President of Egypt
Survived an assassination attempt unharmed in June 1995
5 assassins were killed in the ambush and 3 escaped to Sudan
Just elected to his 5th term when he won 88.6% of the votes.
1) Why did Hosni Mubarak step down as president?

6. 20th Century Conflicts Gamal Abdel Nasser: 1952 Anwar Sadat: 1979
he seized power in Egypt
Anwar Sadat: 1979
Became the first Arab leader to make peace with Israel
This led to much outrage among Islamists who in 1981 Assassinated Sadat
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Anwar Sadat

7. Muslim Brotherhood
Founded in 1928 in Egypt by the Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna
Profoundly influenced the political life of the Middle East
Condemned terrorism and the 9/11 attacks
In 2011, they took an active part in the Egyptian protests
Motto: “Allah is our objective. The Prophet is our leader. The Qur’an is our law. Jihad is our way. Dying in the way of Allah is our highest hope.”

8. Answers Because of the 2011 protests
He became the first Arab leader to make peace with Israel
Hassan al-Banna; schoolteacher
Helped the Byzantines and cooperated with the Turkish rulers of Syria against the crusades
July 26, 1956