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4.1 – 4.3.

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Presentation on theme: "4.1 – 4.3."— Presentation transcript:

1 4.1 – 4.3

2 What is space like? No air – vacuum No air friction – force that resists motion Mostly black – absence of light Extreme temperatures

3 Galactic Shapes spiral galaxies include the Milky Way (our galaxy) all have a central nucleus have long curved arms contain a lot of gas and dust barred spirals the spiral arms are attached to a straight “bar” that runs through the center of the galaxy

4 Spiral Barred Spiral

5 Barred Spiral Galaxy

6 elliptical galaxies resemble an egg or a football not as structured irregular galaxies groups of stars that have no defined shapes the Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud the two closest galaxies to ours

7 Elliptical galaxy Irregular galaxy

8 Celestial Clouds nebulae large clouds of gas and dust floating in space They are most common in spiral and irregular galaxies horse head nebula is one of the most widely known nebulae

9 Helix Nebula Horsehead nebula

10 Constellations Group of stars outlining an imaginary picture
most have been identified since ancient times Constellations were once used to navigate by travelers because they appear to revolve around the North Star They are also used to refer to 88 regions of the sky (celestial sphere)

11 North Star Polaris is the scientific name for the north star
It is located directly above the Earth’s “axis of rotation” The axis is the Imaginary line that runs from the north pole to the south pole on which the Earth spins

12 -The oldest refers to a pattern of stars
The word constellation has two current meanings -The oldest refers to a pattern of stars -The reference used by most current astronomers refers to a section of sky. -We will look at some of the patterns or arrangements of stars. The constellations seen in the Northern Hemisphere are divided into groups determined by the season in which people can see them. So we call them: Spring constellations Autumn constellations

13 2 groups in the northern hemisphere
Spring Constellations Autumnal Constellation

14 Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Ursa Major The Great Bear Contains the Big Dipper Most familiar of all constellations

15 Ursa Minor The Little Bear More commonly called the Little Dipper Polaris is at the point of Ursa Minor

16 Queen Cassiopeia Named after a mythical queen of Ethiopia Looks like a big “M” or “W” King Cepheus Looks like a house with a long pointed roof

17 Andromeda Mythological daughter of Cassiopeia and Cepheus Andromeda is also called “The Lady in Chains” Her head is part of the Great Square star formation Her “knee” contains the Andromeda Galaxy Whale Monster that was to devour Andromeda This constellation is often located beneath the horizon

18 Perseus The hero that rescues Andromeda Located above Andromeda Contains the star Algol which is a binary star A binary star is actually two stars that appear as one because they are so close

19

20 The outline of Leo’s head
Pegasus The Flying Horse Leo The Lion Regulus Brightest star in the Leo constellation (probably a white dwarf) Found in the lion’s paw Sickle The outline of Leo’s head

21 Deneb is the brightest star in “The Swan”
Cygnus or the Swan It is located on the opposite side of the Big Dipper from Leo Deneb is the brightest star in “The Swan” Deneb is also the top of the Northern Cross which is part of the Swan

22 Gemini The twins Castor and Pollux are the brightest stars in Gemini Castor and Pollux are the heads of the two boys Draco The dragon

23

24 Orion The Hunter Orion is the brightest of the constellations It contains two very large stars Betelgeuse Brightest star in the constellation found at the right shoulder Rigel is a blue supergiant type star If Betelgeuse was placed in the center of our solar system, it would reach past Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

25

26 Canis Major Taurus The Bull Pleiades The Big Dog
Large group of stars at the horn of Taurus His eye is Aldebaran (a large star) Canis Major The Big Dog Sirius is found in Canis Major and is the brightest star in the night sky

27 Antares is the brightest star in Scorpius
There are some constellations in the Southern Hemisphere that we do not see Scorpius The scorpion Antares is the brightest star in Scorpius Antares means“Rival of Mars” The star appears red in the sky

28 Sagittarius The Archer It contains two other constellations The Milk Dipper The Tea Pot

29 Centaurus The constellation is said to resemble a creature that is half man and half horse It contains two stars that are relatively close to our sun: Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri Alpha Centauri is the closest star to the earth other than our sun

30 Southern Cross It is made up of the brightest stars in the Southern Sky It is found near beneath Centaurus Many countries have this constellation in their flag

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