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Transactional Analysis
Akshay Kumar Intro. to Psychology
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We play games of communications with each other
Why do we play them How we are developed How are personalities learn
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It is a theory of personality and a systematic Psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change
Provides a theory of communication Offers a theory of child development Is a powerful tool in management and communication training and organizational analysis.
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How we developed How we groomed Why do we play a role of a savior for some A hero for some Dependent on some Aggressive with some
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Introduction 1961 Eric Berne, Games People Play
Transactional Analysis is the method for studying interactions between individuals Dr. Thomas Harris stated in I’m OK – You’re OK, that in Transactional Analysis, “we have found a new language of psychology.”
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T.A. Includes Theory of Personality Theory of communication
Theory of Child Development Used as a form of Diagnosis of Psychopathology Used as Psychotherapy
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Transaction Transaction: Basic unit of social interaction Interactional currency
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Transactions Transactional response Transactional Stimulus
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Transactions Verbal Expressions Acc. To Albert, 1970.
7% communicational matter lies in words 55% in facial expressions 38% Paralinguistic (Way the words are said)
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Neo Freudian School of Psychology
Psychoanalysis: Problems: Intra-psychic T.A. : Problems: Inter-Psychic. i.e. Interactions and relationships.
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Ego States Parent Adult Child
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Parent Taught component Voice of authority Exteriosite
How your parents treated you Everything you love from the society The Do’s and Don’t’s The rules Too Judgmental Too Critical Too Nurturing
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Parent Taken from our parents and significant adults (Care takers): Introjecting Nurturing (Positive) Structuring (Positive) (Negative) Critical Nurturing -Spoiling
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Child Ego State Archeosite Child like behavior Instincts Dreams
Desires Childlike Behavior The basic sad, mad, bad, glad feelings
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Child Ego State Cooperative (Positive) Adapted Spontaneous Free
(Negative) Immature Resistant
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Adult Neosite Tries to make decisions in objective manner
In ambiguous situations: Tries to predict decisions.
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We ask for information rather than stay scared and rather than make assumptions.
Taking the best from the past and using it appropriately in the present integration of the positive aspects of both our Parent and Child ego states.
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Example Internal Parent ego state may beat up on the internal Child, saying "You are no good, look at what you did wrong again, you are useless". The Child may then respond with "I am no good, look how useless I am, I never get anything right". The adult can intervene
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Three EGO States and the concept of Life:
Parent is our 'Taught' concept of life Adult is our 'Thought' concept of life Child is our 'Felt' concept of life
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Ego states Aim of the parent ego state is to mature into an adult ego state. Ego states are not constant: We play different ego states with different people at different times
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Diagnosis Behavioral diagnosis: Posture Breathing Speaking style
Eg. Parent: Rigid Posture, summons etc Adult: Not rigid posture but erect and straight
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Parent Physical - angry or impatient body-language and expressions, finger-pointing, patronizing gestures Verbal - always, never, for once and for all, judgmental words, critical words, patronizing language.
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Child Physical - emotionally sad expressions, despair, temper tantrums, whining voice, rolling eyes, shrugging shoulders, teasing, delight, laughter, speaking behind hand, raising hand to speak, squirming and giggling. Verbal - baby talk, I wish, I dunno, I want, I'm gonna, I don't care, oh no, not again, things never go right for me,
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Adult Physical - attentive, interested, straight-forward, tilted head, non-threatening and non-threatened. Verbal - why, what, how, who, where and when, how much, in what way, comparative expressions, reasoned statements
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Social Diagnosis: How people Interact in a group
Historical Diagnosis: History of relationship in past Contextual diagnosis: Type of context Type of transaction
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Structural diagram A structural diagram represents the complete personality of any individual. Transactional Analysts construct a diagram showing the ego states involved in a particular transaction.
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Types of Transactions Parallel Transaction/ Complimentary
Cross Transaction
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Parallel/Complimentary
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Cross
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Limitations Stereotyping
Does not take into account cultural differences during interactions
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