1. CS1: Wireless Communication and Mobile Programming
Mapping the
Mobile Computing Space
Dr. Khaled Mahmud
Laurentian University International Global Experience Program
June–July 2014

2. Agenda What is mobile computing? Networks for mobile computing
Mobile computing functions
Networks for mobile computing
Middleware and gateways
Application and services
Developing mobile computing applications
Standards
Stakeholders
(c) Khaled Mahmud

3. Reference
Chapter 1 [TEL]
Web references
(c) Khaled Mahmud

4. What is Mobile Computing?
Can be defined as- ‘Computing Environment of physical mobility’
Expected to have the 3 basic features:
Mobility
Connectivity
Computing
(c) Khaled Mahmud

5. Various Views of Mobile Computing
Anywhere, anytime information
Virtual home environment
Nomadic computing
Pervasive computing
Ubiquitous computing
Global service portability
Wearable computers
(c) Khaled Mahmud

6. Variants of Mobility Mobility What moves (changes) User Mobility
User’s physical location can change
Network Mobility
User’s network can change
Network itself may move and change anchor point in infrastructure
Session Mobility
Same session continues when other factor(s) changes
Agent Mobility
Same agent can be used when other factors (device) change
Host Mobility
IP host changes connectivity point
Device Mobility
Device change
Bearer Mobility
Bearer (Dialup, WAP, SMS, etc.) service can change
(c) Khaled Mahmud

7. Mobile Computing: Functional Model
Application server
Content Server
Devices
Application Framework
User with device
Networks and gateways
Middleware framework
Database
Content
(c) Khaled Mahmud

8. Mobile Computing: Functional Model
Application server
Database
Devices
Application Framework
User with device
(B)
(C )
(A)
(c) Khaled Mahmud

9. Mobile Computing Components
Smart Phone, Tablets
Laptops
Radio/TV
User with device
3G/4G, WiMAX, WLAN
Router/Switches, Home router/Modems, APs, BlueTooth
Firewall, proxies, NAT
Network
Media gateways, Signaling gateways, IVR
Application layer gateways
SIP servers, H323 gatekeepers
Gateway
Transcoding servers
Conferencing servers
Security middleware
Middleware
Static content, dynamic content, database-connected
Search/news
Streaming, video/audio, gaming
Content
(c) Khaled Mahmud

10. Networks Supporting Mobile Computing
Cellular backbone, WLAN distribution system
ISP (xDSL, fibre, cable)
Home network, powerline network
Wireline networks
3G/4G, WiMAX
WLAN, BlueTooth
Wireless home network
WiFi offload of LTE
Wireless networks
Personal Area Network (WPAN) on BT
Peer to peer WLAN, Virtual AP
Tethering by Smartphones
Adhoc network
Cellular bearer
LTE offload
VPNs
Bearers
(c) Khaled Mahmud

11. Middleware and Gateways
Communication Middleware
Interfaces between dissimilar services
Transaction Processing Middleware
Maintains state or session
Behavior Management Middleware
Formats the contents for context-ware rendering
Communication Gateway
Basically networking devices, interfaces/translates communication protocol
(c) Khaled Mahmud

12. Mobile Computing Environment
End Device
Bearer NW (Access)
(Core), GW
Bearer NW
Middleware GW
Content/ Service
APP
Router
Access Point
Smart phone
Transcoder
APP server
Access Server
WiMAX CPE/BS
Content Transformation Engine
Content Engine
Tablet
Multiservice Switch
Laptop/Tablet
Base Station
Media/ Signaling GW
Content Distribution
EO/LE, MSC
EO/LE- End Office/ Local Exchange
MSC- Mobile Switching Center
(c) Khaled Mahmud

13. Content: Application and Services
Unlimited categories and numbers
All facets of society
All ages
Business and non-business
Stationary and mobile
Free or charged
(c) Khaled Mahmud

14. Some Application Categories
Personal
Perishable
Transaction-oriented
Location-specific
Corporate
Entertainment
News
(c) Khaled Mahmud

15. Developing Mobile Applications
Developing new mobile applications
Efficient
Flexible
Can use newer technology and tools
Most effectively optimized to requirements
Making legacy applications mobile
Works as add-on
Needs a lot of interfacing between old systems and new technologies
Lesser options for developers
Can be eventually costlier than developing new from scratch
(c) Khaled Mahmud

16. Security in Mobile Computing
With more dimensions of mobile, various security challenges arise
Identity issues
Data protection/privacy issues
Billing and inter-operator transaction issues
Models
Operator-controlled system
Service, content, security- all integrated
Open-system with user-controlled security
Network operator only gives bearer service
(c) Khaled Mahmud

17. Standards Why standards?
Standards are critical to interoperability of equipment and services
Can be used for market dominance!
Standard vs. Proprietary
Patents (Intellectual Property or IP) in Standards
Khaled Mahmud

18. Standardization Bodies Related to Mobile Computing
ITU
International Telecommunications Union
ITU-R
ITU-Radio
ITU-T
ITU-Telecommunications (CCITT)
ISO
International Organization for Standards
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
ANSI
American National Standards Institution
ETSI
European Telecommunication Standards Institute
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium
OMA
Open Mobile Alliance
3GPP (2)
Third Generation Partnership Project
WiFi
WiFi Alliance
WIMAX Forum
Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access Forum
(c) Khaled Mahmud

19. Stakeholders in Mobile Computing
International
Regional
National/local
Regulatory authority
International
Regional
National
Standardization Bodies
Universities
Government research institutions
Vendor/operator’s research labs
Research Organizations
Terminal vendors/manufacturers
Infrastructure vendors/manufacturers
Equipment Vendors
OS vendors
Application Framework vendors
Platform Vendors
End-user application developer
Infrastructure software developers
Developers
Land/Mobile operators
Internet Service providers
Operators
End users
Corporate/business users
Users
Trend setters
Media
Predictors/Thinker
Social Leaders