1. Industrialization (1850-1900)

2. Resources/Inventions
1859: oil drilled successfully in Pennsylvania (Edwin Drake)
1887: iron ore deposits discovered in Minn.
Steel begins to be created by removing the carbon from iron
Bessemer process: quicker method of creating steel
Electricity: Thomas Edison
Typewriter: Christopher Sholes
Telephone: Alexander G. Bell

3. Railroads 1869: first transcontinental railroad
Creation of 24 time zones (4 in US)
New towns emerged along lines

5. Abuses by Railroads
Fixed prices, sold best land to companies rather than settlers, varied charges
Munn v Illinois: states could pass laws protecting individuals from discrimination by rr
Interstate Commerce Act: federal gov’t would supervise railroad activities

6. Big Business New strategies Social Darwinism Sherman Antitrust Act
Vertical integration: control raw materials and transportation
Horizontal integration: buy out competition to create a monopoly
Social Darwinism
Survival of the fittest; supports success of millionaires
Sherman Antitrust Act
Made it illegal to form trusts
Not supported by Supreme Court

7. Robber Barons Andrew Carnegie: US Steel
John Rockefeller: Standard Oil Co.
JP Morgan: Banking
Cornelius Vanderbilt: Railroads

8. Labor Unions Poor Conditions Unions formed
Child labor, long hours, little pay, unsafe conditions, no leave
Unions formed
National Labor Union (1866)
Knights of Labor (1869)
American Federation of Labor (1886)
American Railway Union
Industrial Workers of the World (1905)

10. Violent Strikes The Haymarket Square Riot- Chicago
Strikers angry over police brutality
Bomb tossed into police line and police opened fire; 10 killed
The Homestead Strike (Pennsylvania)
Strikers angered by the hiring of scabs and started attacking
National Guard came to protect plant
Strikers blamed and lost support
The Pullman Strike
Pullman hired scabs and it turned violent
President Cleveland sent in troops and had union leaders arrested

11. The Homestead Strike (Pennsylvania)
carnegie-and-the-homestead- strike#andrew-carnegie-and-the- homestead-strike