1. From Stalemate to Crisis
Chapter 19
From Stalemate to Crisis

2. Party Loyalty
16 states solidly Republican
14 states solidly Democratic
5 swing states

3. 267 Gore
271 Bush

4. Republicans win most of the Presidential elections
But margin of victory in popular vote rarely more than 1.5%

5. House mainly Democratic
Why?
Solid South and Northern cities

6. Senate mainly Republican
Why?
More States

7. Religion/ Catholic Protestant Ethnic Immigrants
Democrats Republicans
Region South North
North cities
Religion/ Catholic Protestant
Ethnic Immigrants
Class Working Middle/Upper

8. Problem for Republicans
Split in Party

9. Leader - Roscoe Conklin
Stalwarts
Leader - Roscoe Conklin
For traditional politics and political machines

10. Pretend to be in favor of reform
Half Breeds
Leader-James G. Blaine
Pretend to be in favor of reform

11. His Fraudulency

12. Lemonade Lucy

13. Election of 1880 Republicans agree on Candidate
James Garfield-Half Breed
VP Chester A. Arthur-Stalwart

14. Garfield Wins!!!

15. “I am a Stalwart, and Arthur is now President”

16. Chester A. Arthur
Signs Pendleton Act

17. Election of 1884
Republicans dump Arthur-
too independent

18. Select: James G. Blaine The Plumed Knight

19. Reform minded Republican say they will support honest Democrat
Mugwumps

20. Democrats select:
Grover Cleveland
Reform Governor of New York

21. Ma, Ma, where is Pa?
Off to the White House
Ha Ha Ha

22. Blaine, Blaine, James G. Blaine,
Continental liar from the state of Maine!

23. Dr. Samuel Burchard Protestant Minister calls Democrats:
“Party of Rum, Romanism and Rebellion”

24. Cleveland wins
First Democrat since 1856

25. Legislation

26. Civil Service Reform *Patronage had become a problem
*No long term employees with experience
*Politicians force to do party business instead of government business

27. Federal Employees
,000
,000
,000

28. Pendleton Act 1883
*Removes some jobs from patronage – based on merit
,000 jobs
,000 jobs

29. Sets up Civil Service Commission to oversee

30. Anti-Trust Legislation
*15 states passed laws against combinations threat restrict competition

31. New Jersey & Delaware pass laws to give corporations special privileges

32. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
*passed to quiet popular demand on Congress
*don’t expect it to stop monopolies
*by 1901 only 14 suits filed by government

33. Senator John Sherman of Ohio

34. U.S. v. E. C. Knight Co.
*Trust controlled 98% of refined sugar
*Court declared government has only power to regulate trade, not business itself

35. Railroads
*some states attempt to regulate railroads
*Wabash v. Illinois
States taking Federal power

36. Interstate Commerce Act – 1887
*bans discrimination in rates
*publish rate schedules
*File rates with government
*All rates reasonable & just

37. Interstate Commerce Commission
*required courts to enforce its rulings
*Courts not cooperative

38. 1888 Election
Grover Benjamin
Cleveland Harrison

39. Key Issue
Tariff

40. Cleveland wins popular vote by 100,000 votes
Loses electoral vote
233 to 168

41. Cleveland wins 1892 rematch
277
145

42. Panic of 1893
*Corporate bankruptcies cause Stock Market collapse
*Banks invested in Market fail
*Tightens credit
*Low farm prices

43. 8000 Businesses
156 Railroads
400 Banks
20% of workers lose jobs
FAIL

44. 1894 Jacob Coxey
Ohio Populist
Calls for public works programs to create jobs and help people

45. Coxey’s Army

46. THE SILVER ISSUE

47. *US recognized both Silver & Gold
*by 1870 reduced value of Silver
*1873 discontinue Silver

48. Who wants law changed?
*Silver mine owners
*farmers

49. Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Buys silver with gold
Won’t coin it

50. Cleveland feels it helps cause Panic
Gets it repealed
Splits Democratic Party

51. Election of 1896
Vs.

52. Speaker of the House Thomas Reed of Maine

53. Marcus Hanna
William McKinley
wants

54. Democrats
East vs. West & South

55. West & South want:
*tariff reduction
*income Tax
*control of Trusts
*FREE SILVER

56. Cross of Gold Speech

57. William Jennings Bryan

58. McKinley runs Front Porch Campaign
$7 million

59. Bryan travels country
Spends:
$300,000

60. McKinley wins
271 to 176

61. National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry

62. The Grange
1867
*originally a social organization
*shifts to economic issues during recession of 1870’s
*organizes stores, warehouses and insurance

63. Grange has limited success economically and politically
As prosperity returns, membership declines

64. Dance at Pittsfield Grange Hall

65. Farmer’s Alliance

66. Mary E. Lease
“Raise less corn and more Hell”

67. The Colored Farmers' Alliance
Excluded on the basis of race from membership in the Southern Farmers' Alliance, blacks formed a separate organization in Texas in 1886, comprised of both black farmers and farm workers.

68. In 1891, a strike of cotton pickers was called, but coordination was poor and the strike failed.
Colored Alliance also lost support when the Populist Party arose.

69. Farmer’s Alliance and Knights of Labor
People’s Party or
Populist Party
July 1892
Farmer’s Alliance and Knights of Labor

70. Election of 1892 James Weaver-wins electoral votes in 6 states
3 Governors
5 Senators
10 Congressmen

72. Populist main support is farmers
Can’t get larger coalition
*no common interest with labor
*South-include Blacks?

73. Populist Platform
*Low interest loans
*Gov. warehouses for crops
*Abolition of National banks
*Direct election of Senators
*Regulation of RR
*Income Tax
*Silver