1. Chapters 2, 3, & 4
Ecology

2. ecology!
can be studied at many levels

3. Hierarchy of biological organization

4. A population is . . .what?
Variables to population structure

5. Variables to population structure
Population density
Dispersion patterns

6. Clumped

7. Uniform

8. Random

9. What can happen to a population size?
Increase, decrease or remain stable

10. Populations can grow quickly
Exponential growth
Exponential growth of rabbits

11. Limitations to population growth
Density dependent factors
carrying capacity

12. Logistic growth

13. Limitations to population growth
Density independent factors

14. Tools that help population ecologists
A life history

15. Tools that help population ecologists
Survivorship curves

16. Levels of ecological study
Organismal
Population
Community
Ecosystem

17. Community ecology
Interspecific interactions

18. Each organism has a niche
Ecological niche:
The more similar 2 niches are,

20. Trophic structures show interactions
The pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several levels
food chain:

23. Missing from most food chain & food web diagrams. . . !
Detritivores:
Decomposers:

24. Cooper’s hawk Fox Robin Alligator lizard Arrows show direction
Figure 54-6
Cooper’s hawk
Fox
Robin
Alligator lizard
Arrows show direction
of energy flow: from
organism consumed
to consumer
Earthworm
Millipede
Bracket fungus
Bacteria, archaea
(many species)
Puffball
Pillbugs
Insect larvae
(maggots)
Cricket
Dead leaves
(many species)
Dead animals
(many species)
Maple tree
leaves
Rotting log

25. Biomagnification

26. Keystone species impact diversity
A keystone species

27. Community response to disturbance

28. Response to disturbance
ecological succession
Two kinds of succession

29. Primary succession
Starts in lifeless area without even soil

30. Primary succession

31. Secondary succession

32. Secondary succession

33. Levels of ecological study
Organismal
Population
Community
Ecosystem

34. An ecosystem has two parts
biotic
abiotic

35. Biomes
Terrestrial biomes’
Aquatic biomes’

36. In an ecosystem,
Energy flows

37. In an ecosystem,
Chemicals cycle
reservoir

38. Cycling chemicals
Carbon:
Nitrogen:
Phosphorus:

39. Carbon cycle

40. Nitrogen cycle

41. Phosphorus cycle