The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850) Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution WEX II Chapter 19, Section 3.

The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850) Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
WEX II Chapter 19, Section 3

Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
At the end of this section, I will be able to answer the following questions: How did the factory system change workers’ lives? What problems did the industrial working class face? What were the costs and benefits of the Industrial Revolution? Vocabulary: urbanization

How did the factory system change workers’ lives? Entrepreneurs who helped to bring in the Industrial Revolution became rich However, many of the workers in these factories experienced poverty and harsh living conditions Oliver Twist (2007) Oliver Twist (1933)

What was the New Industrial City? Industrial Revolution brought urbanization Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers in the factories Cities grew up overnight around the factories Urbanization is a movement of people from the rural areas to the cities

Manchester was the center of the textile industry Population was 17,000 Population was 40,000 By 1801, Population exploded to 70,000!

What was life like in the city? Visitors to the city reported “clouds of coal vapor” Pounding noise of steam engines Filthy stench of its river “filled with waste dye-stuffs”

Wealthy & middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods Poor people struggled to survive In foul-smelling slums packed into tiny rooms in tenement building With no running water – public pumps No sewage or sanitation system Water and garbage rotting in the streets Cholera & other diseases spread rapidly

What was the factory system? Heart of the new industrial city was the factory The factory imposed a new harsh new way of life Rigid discipline Women workers Child labor

How was the discipline in the factories harsh and rigid? Factories didn’t offer any variation in work Rigid schedule: work whenever machines run Working hours were 12 – 16 hours/day Machines didn’t have safety devices Coal destroyed the lungs of workers If workers became sick or injured, they lost their jobs

Hardships of Early Industrial Life
Why did factories prefer women workers? They believed that women would adapt more to the machines They were easier to manage Women were paid less than men

Why was life more demanding for women? For the first time, women would be out of the house for 12 hours a day When they returned home, they had to feed and clothe their families They were expected to clean their houses They had to cope with sickness within the family

How were children affected by industrial life? Children helped with farm work so parents accepted the idea of child labor Also the wages earned by children were needed to support the family Factories and mines hired many children because they were inexpensive

How were children affected by industrial life? Employers often hired orphans Officials were happy to have these children taken off their hands Orphans worked long hours for a minimum amount of food. Children were usually slaves to the machines

British lawmakers looked into abuses in factories and mines Children as young as 5 were working! Some died while working Others had stunted growth or twisted limbs Most of the children were not educated

What’s 17 year old Patience Kershaw’s story? “My father has been dead about a year. My mother is living and has 10 children, 5 lads and 5 lasses. The oldest is about 30, the youngest is 4. Three lasses go to the mill. All the lads are [coal miners].”

What was the Ashley Mines Commission Report? This report shocked many people because it reveled the poor working conditions in factories and in the mines Parliament began passing laws to regulate the employment of children in mines and factories

How did the working class evolve? Most of these workers moved from the rural farms to work & live in cities Initially, they were bewildered & confused Over time, these factory and mine workers developed a sense of identity

People begin to protest! Many weavers & skilled artisans resisted these machines that costs them their jobs Some people smashed machines & burned factories Some rioters were called “Luddites” Ned Ludd supposedly destroyed machines in the 1780s

However, protesters met harsh repression! Luddites were hanged Some were sent to penal colonies in Australia During a rally in Manchester in 1819, soldiers charged the crowd killing 12 and injuring hundreds Labor unions were forbidden & outlawed Strikes were outlawed

How did workers find comfort? Many workers found comfort in a new religions movement – Methodism John Wesley founded the Methodist Church He urged Christians to adopt sober, moral ways Brought message of salvation to the slums Set up Sunday schools: bible & academics Channeled worker’s anger away from revolution towards social reform

The industrial revolution produced a new middle class Where did these people come from? Merchants who invested in factories Inventors & artisans who turned their technical knowledge to earn riches Some had “rags to riches” experiences

These middle-class families Lived in solid, well-furnished homes Dressed well Ate large meals Influenced actions in Parliament Opposed efforts to regulate factories Opposed any efforts to legalize unions

Middle-class woman became “ladies” Took up lady like activities: drawing Embroidery playing the piano Did not work outside the home Discouraged from doing housework Became educated

New middle-class values: Valued hard work to get ahead Confident in themselves Believed that people make their own conditions Little sympathy for the poor They believed poor are too lazy to “work their way up” out of poverty

Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse? Brought many hardships Low pay Unemployment Dismal living conditions Brought many changes Working conditions improved Unions won the right to bargain Working-class men got to vote

Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse? Brought many benefits: Working conditions improved, wages went up More factories meant more jobs People could travel on railroads Working-class men got to vote

Is the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse? Industrial revolution began with great suffering However, in the end, it produces more material things for more people

Okay, let’s see if you got it… What is the meaning of urbanization? Urbanization if a movement of people from the rural areas to the cities

How did the factory system change workers’ lives? Some people became wealthy and a middle-class emerged Most people became slaves of the factory Many of the workers came from urban farms or cottage industry workers who lost their jobs due to industrialization

What problems did the industrial working class face? They faced long hours & low pay They had to leave their homes for the first time in history to work in factories Children worked in dangerous & unhealthy working conditions

What were the costs and benefits of the Industrial Revolution? Benefits: People could get more material things Middle class emerged – some people got rich standard of living was elevated Costs: Many people were abused & lived in poverty

The End

The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850) Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution WEX II Chapter 19, Section 3.

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The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850) Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution WEX II Chapter 19, Section 3.

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