1. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT tutorial

2. Zygote to Embryo Development
mesoderm

3. EARLY DEVELOPMENT http
3 LAYERS OF GASTRULA
a. Ectoderm, outer layer, skin, nerves, sense organs
b. Mesoderm, middle layer, circulatory, muscle, reproductive & excretory systems.
c. Endoderm, inner layer, digestive tract, respiratory system

4. Gastrula 3 tissue layers
DIGESTIVE TRACT

5. Stem Cells JIM THOMPSON
FIRST SCIENTIST TO ISOLATE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS 1995

6. What is a stem cell? Embryonic neural cell Two characteristics:
1. Grows & proliferates -can maintain a pool of cells type
2. When stimulated can differentiate into a specialized cell type (tissue or cell type)
Embryonic neural cell

7. Stem cell differentiation steps
1. Stem cell formedvia cell signaling (mitosis) from surrounding tissue. Can create more stem cells or become differentiated
2. Formation of progenitor cell precursor to a specific cell type
3. Becomes differentiated. Becomes a specific cell type; heart, muscle, nerve

8. Unipotent Stem Cell Can only be one type of cell
Unipotent Stem Cell Can only be one type of cell. Red blood cell or sperm cell

9. Stem Cells can become any type of body tissue

10. Embryonic & Adult Stem cells
This tutorial has several tabs. Start with embryonic, then adult, then Nuclear Transfer.
To answer the differences between embryonic and adult stem cells, click Cell Specialization.

11. Sometimes organ transplants are not possible
Rejection of tissue
Infection risk
Injection of stem cells directly into an organ is possible, more direct, easier

12. Stems Cells hold the key to treatment of major diseases
Click the link to find out all the possible uses for stem cell treatments.

13. Issues with Embryonic Stem Cell
Only 1 in 10 embryos provide useable stem cells
It is difficult to culture them to form only one type of cell
Can have uncontrolled growth of cells, may form a tumor in patient
Transplant rejection-must match tissue type, just like blood typing
Patient must take anti-rejection drugs-immuno-suppressants for their entire life.
Gene expression-uncertainty of how and when genes will turn on/off
Some people have issues with ethics of using embryonic cells

14. Bioethical Issues
Bioethics-discipline dealing with ethical implications of biological research, especially in medicine. It considers social, moral & religious aspects.
Moral status of embryo-are they human or property?
Should embryos be destroyed?
“Excess” embryos-fertility clinics. Used for research or adopted?
Do we need embryonic stem cells if adult stem cells work?
Adult stem cells are not totipotent.