2. European Societies

3. Feudalism Kings allow nobles to use land that belong to them
Nobles owe military service and protection for the people
Implemented to help during Viking attacks
Manor system – serfs farmed for protection from king (normally castles)
Catholic church gained power
Collected taxes, aided the sick, punished criminals

4. Trade and Towns Feudalism = more stability
Farmers found new ways to grow crops = population increase = more demand for goods
Serfs ran to towns and became craftspeople or merchants = middle class

5. Trade to the East Italy held advantage in trade (Mediterranean)
War spurred trade
Crusades
Italians supplied most of the crusaders in Middle East= many Asian goods taken back to Europe

7. Goodbye Feudalism
Too many serfs left because of trade = fewer people under Lords
Bubonic Plague – ¼ people died
Less workers = lords lose power = kings gain power

8. Renaissance and Reformation
Increased interest in art and learning
Based on Greek and roman writings
Humanism = study of human worth, ideas, and potential
Education focus on History, Philosophy, Literature
More realistic art
Muslim influence of science and math
Johannes Gutenberg = more reading
Martin Luther = split of church
Reformation = correct problems in the Church

10. Change in Trade? Profit – What is it?
Italians had special relationship with Muslims
Military strength to control the Mediterranean
Caused Europeans to try to find another route

11. European Explorers Prince Henry (Portuguese)
Caravel
Triangle sails to sail into wind, square sails helped when wind was at its back
Bartolomeu Dias – Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama – around Africa, to India
Eliminated middle man
Sparked Spain and Euro interest to find same route

13. Columbus Italian Go West over the Atlantic Ferdinand and Isabella
Marco Polo claimed Asia stretched W – E further than it did
Thought world was only 2/3 the size it was
Portugal denied request, Columbus turned to Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella
Cons: Spain in the middle of war, had doubts, high payment requested
Pros: they would share riches, Spread of Christianity

14. Columbus wanted Jan 1492 Admiral of Sea % of any wealth brought back
Ruler of lands found
Jan 1492
Spain conquered last Muslim stronghold
Columbus left but brought back
Agreement reached
3 ships set sail…..

15. The Journey Trouble finding crew Crew became discouraged
Enough supplies to last 1 year (food, water, firewood, etc.)
Columbus logged 2 journals (1 secret)
Crew became discouraged
10 weeks, 1 month – no land
Agreement (3 more days)
“Tierra, Tierra”

16. The Americas Believed to be the Indies
Taino people greeted Columbus (called Indians)
Named island San Salvador
Traveled looking for Japan
Reached Hispaniola
Found gold and pearls – left men to return home
Angered Taino people – killed them all

17. And it Continues Made 3 more voyages
No treasure brought to Ferdinand or Isabella and no spread of religion
People enslaved and mistreated
4th voyage = Dead Columbus
Sparked interest in England, France, etc.