Hybrid Threat Defensive Tactics

Hybrid Threat Defensive Tactics

Terminal Learning Objective
Action: Discuss Hybrid Threat defensive tactics at the Brigade Tactical Group level and below. Condition: Given a professional education seminar; threat training literature (U.S. Army TC series); tactical vignettes that illustrate operational environment (OE) conditions and PMESII-PT variables; motivations, behavior, and characteristics of a threat; and probable-possible functional actions and enablers to achieve a mission task. Standard: Understand the threat functional organizations and offensive actions of area defense, maneuver defense, complex battle positions, and simple battle positions.

BTG and Higher Tactical Actions BDET and Lower Tactical Actions
Defensive Tasks BTG and Higher Tactical Actions Maneuver Defense Area Defense BDET and Lower Tactical Actions Disruption Main Defense Support Reserve Brigade Tactical Group X Battalion Detachment II The OPFOR sees the offensive as the decisive form of combat and the ultimate means of imposing its will on the enemy. While conditions at a particular time or place may require the OPFOR to defend, defeating an enemy force ultimately requires shifting to the offense. The aim of offense at the tactical level is to achieve tactical missions in support of an operation. A tactical command ensures that its subordinate commands thoroughly understand both the overall goals of the operation and the specific purpose of a particular mission they are about to execute. In this way, subordinate commands may continue to execute the mission without direct control by a higher headquarters, if necessary. Purpose of the Offense: The OPFOR recognizes six general purposes of tactical offensive missions: Gain freedom of movement. Restrict freedom of movement. Gain control of key terrain, personnel, or equipment. Gain information. Dislocate. Disrupt. Disruption Main Defense Support Reserve Forces Elements Disruption Main Defense Support Reserve

Defensive Purposes Protect Personnel and Equipment
Creates one or more locations in a battle zone where forces critical to the OPFOR effort are protected from enemy reconnaissance, acquisition, and defeat/destruction. Restrict Freedom of Movement Prevents the enemy from maneuver options. Control Key Terrain Prevents enemy seizure of geographic features or facilities. Gain Time Prevents enemy from successful scheme of maneuver before a certain point in time or prior to a given event taking place. These are several the general reasons why -- a force conducts defensive actions. This is not meant to be exclusive but covers the important and rational reasons why. One more key point. The defense ca be very effective in intended defensive outcomes, BUT is not the intended final answer to conflict. At some point, there must be some form of offensive action to effectively achieve an overarching mission and intent. … But that is a topic for another lesson. For now- let us focus on defensive actions and tactics.

Common Defensive Tactical Missions
Contain: stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere. Block: denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach. Fix: prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period…or obstacle effect with fires and obstacles to slow movement. Delay: trades space for time by slowing down the enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged. Disrupt: direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. Turn: forcing an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility corridor to another. C B F These are mission task symbols—not tactics. The symbol can also illustrate an obstacle effect. However, effective operations require a “common language.” Can you describe a symbol with clarity and correct meaning? There are other mission tasks and obstacle effect symbols. Know your TC , Opposing Force Tactics (2011). Know your TC , irregular opposing Forces (20140. Know your US Army ADRP 1-02 (2013). Know that a complete update of Terms and Military Symbols will be staffed and published in 2014. D D T

Tactical Considerations
Aerial Surface Subterranean Aerial Frontal Flank Envelop Orient yourself in a tactical operational environment. As a land force, what directional orientation do you have?... frontal, flank, rear or envelop, and aerial approaches. Keep the subterranean avenue in your analysis. This applies to rural and urban OE. Think of the urban street engagement: Street level firefights—overhead fires from windows or other “high ground” such as rooftops. Similar terrain exists inrurla OE: caves, spider holes, underground aqua ducts…tunnels—all have advantages . Subterranean facilities can be very rudimentary and/or quite sophisticated. Watch the video clip. Given time and resources—Hezbollah developed a full range of subterranean defenses to counter advantages by Israeli forces…look for kill zones, decoy positions, defensive belts, mutually supporting BPs, and multiple weapons systems. Land Urban Rural

Historical - Stalingrad 1942
Complex terrain Artillery Terrain feature 9 1 2 Stalingrad (August 1942-February 1943) What about--Discuss Defensive actions Terrain Weather Troops Logistics …other. Think about what is “going on” in “the defense.” 1. Linear urban complex--primarily-- 2. On near bank [from enemy perspective] of major river 3. Time to prepare—”The shovel”—military & civilian labor 4. Complex defensive positions—interconnected—sub-terrain 5. Improvised cover and concealment 6. Close combat among urban rubble 7. The machinegun and rifle team-squad—winter weather 8. Antipersonnel=the flamethrower 9. Artillery [kept on west bank (near bank for Russians) What about flamethrowers? Do Russian forces still have “flame” capability? Yes. The mobile detachment combat group [a la combined arms battalion] has a RPO flame projection platoon. Russian ground forces also had a live fire exercise in 2012 with a heavy flame thrower system, the TOS-1. ..still more arrangement-maneuver, methods 4 7 3 Leverage conditions Fortified positions Preparation 8 5 6 Improvised C&C Close combat Anti-personnel wpns

Historical: Manila 1945 One urban block… What actions do you see in
7 In several minutes, we’ll view a short video-clip on the defense of Manila in But first, I want you to appreciate the level of urban defense when time and resources are available—or how you can improvise. 1. Mounted and/or dismounted kill zones 2. Antipersonnel mines in depth in channelized terrain 3. Dismounted kill zone using manmade restrictions 4. Wire obstacles—entanglement for dismounted infantry 5. Roadblock on bypass 6. Wire obstacles and AP mines 7. Rubble obstacle 8. Night operations—raid—BG Chase into Manila internment camp of US citizens… 9. dug-in fortifications and communication trenches [Point out issues with a pointer and describe symbols that will be too small to see from the back of a classroom…] And there’s more. 4 9 3 2 5 8 What actions do you see in the urban combat of Manila? 6

Historical: Manila 1945 6 1 Main Defenses Look at the level of urban defense when time and resources are available—or how you can improvise. Fighting positions reinforced with Railroad rails, earth, wood beams Camouflage—natural and manmade Multiple firing ports below-ground enclosure for additional protection Fighting position with improvised metal sheeting Multiple observation ports Mutually supporting fires Subterranean movement routes 4. Manmade protection and emplaced firing ports in historic buildings 5. Antitank fires Obstacles within and among complex urban structures 6. Local civilians and guerrillas assisting US forces [Go to next slide as quick-review of capabilities before viewing video-clip] 5 2 3 4 What actions do you see in the urban combat of Manila?

Historical: Manila 1945 Look for actions—What did you see in the urban combat of Manila? Dismounted infantry―small arms―grenades―machine guns Engineer support―smoke―flamethrowers―explosives Armor in direct fire engagements Light and heavy artillery direct and indirect fires… versus Fortified concrete buildings-complex street grid-trenches & tunnels Historical multi-level city-coastal defenses-channeled fields of fire No enemy surrender—fight to the death… Defense actions: Close combat action—in urban or rural terrain―is an infantryman’s fight with all the other arms in support. You’ve seen graphics of what was recorded after the battle for Manila in Sixth U.S Army G2 after action reports. What else is key? The enemy was committed to defend--in place--No surrender. What are the rules of engagement—ROE? Are ROE restrictive..Do they allow freedom of action? Ok, here’s the video from real-time combat World War II… about six minutes. Feel the stress. Think was is required…

Basic Battle Positions
Simple Battle Position A simple battle position is a defensive location oriented on the most likely enemy avenue of approach. SBPs are not necessarily tied to complex terrain. However, they often employ as much engineer effort and/or camouflage, concealment, cover, and deception (C3D) measures as time allows. Complex Battle Position A complex battle position (CBP) is a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. Limited avenues of approach. (CBPs are not necessarily tied to an avenue of approach.) Any existing avenues of approach are easily observable. 360-degree fire coverage and protection from attack. Engineer effort prioritizing C3D measures; limited counter mobility effort that might reveal the CBP location. Large logistics caches. Sanctuary from which to launch local attacks.  This is different than the US “Complex Battle Position!”

Simple BP SECTION

Simple Battle Position
A simple battle position is a defensive location oriented on the most likely enemy avenue of approach. SBPs are not necessarily tied to complex terrain. However, they often employ as much engineer effort and/or camouflage, concealment, cover, and deception (C3D) measures as time allows. TC , Opposing Force Tactics Tactical Task 7.0 Defend From a Simple Battle Position Subtasks: Control. Orient on enemy avenue of approach Gain Advantage. Employ terrain, survivability, and C3D to provide an advantage over attackers TC 7-101, Exercise Design, APP B Elements Disruption CSOP Ambush, Attack by Fire Delay, Disrupt, Fix Ambush Team Main Defense Reserve Counterattack Conduct Counter penetration / anti-landing Act as deception element Support Element U.S. Doctrine defines a Battle Position primarily as a Control Measure. OPFOR employment of BPs are not singularly defensive minded and are often situated/positioned to enable offensive actions, although a SBP is oriented along an avenue of approach, when paired with a complex battle position the SBPs may be removed from a most likely avenue of approach. You can reinforce a credible baseline of Threat thinking and actions with reference to the “Threat Tactical Task List” in TC For a raid, the task, sub-tasks, and desired outcomes for the Threat are at TC 7-101, p. B-2. Tactical Task 2.0 Raid 2.1 Infiltrate 2.2 Isolate 2.3 Seize or Destroy 2.4 Exfiltrate

SBP Functional Organization
Typical functional organization for a simple battle position: Action Element. (Main Defense) Uses a functional designation that describes its action task, such as support by fire, to defeat or destroy the enemy attacking force. Enabling Elements. (Disruption, Support, and Reserve) Disruption Element. Locates enemy elements operating in the area of responsibility or zone of reconnaissance responsibility. Support Element. Support capabilities can include command and control (C2), combat service support (CSS), supporting direct or indirect fires, mobility support, SPF, and/or INFOWAR. Reserve Element. Capable of exploiting an enemy vulnerability by isolating, delaying, blocking and/or fixing the enemy. U.S. Doctrine defines a Battle Position primarily as a Control Measure. OPFOR employment of BPs are not singularly defensive minded and are often situated/positioned to enable offensive actions, although a SBP is oriented along an avenue of approach, when paired with a complex battle position the SBPs may be removed from a most likely avenue of approach. You can reinforce a credible baseline of Threat thinking and actions with reference to the “Threat Tactical Task List” in TC For a raid, the task, sub-tasks, and desired outcomes for the Threat are at TC 7-101, p. B-2. Tactical Task 2.0 Raid 2.1 Infiltrate 2.2 Isolate 2.3 Seize or Destroy 2.4 Exfiltrate

SBP Defense Vignette – Forces
See Mechanized Infantry Company, FM , OPFOR Organizational Guide Order of Battle (Infantry Company – CDET) Functional Task Organization Typical functional organization is as follows: structure may vary dependent on tier level of readiness and types of weaponry and equipment in a particular unit. Note. The instructor can create a “teaching moment” by having students use ATN to find answers to several of the typical manning and equipment factors by using TC : 1. Retrieve ATN front page and click CTID button 2. Click “OPFOR & Hybrid Threat Doctrine” on ATN front page. 3. Find “01 Mech Inf Div (IFV)” Find “04 Mech Inf Bde (IFV) Click “03A Mech Inf Bn (IFV) At p. 7, you find the mechanized infantry company structure. Other elements of the battalion are in this section of the ATN-posted organizational structure file from TC Now--You can now search type-units for detailed threat structure. Tailoring of force structure is easy to configure based on the tasks-action, conditions, and standards established for the lesson. Main Defense Elements I Disruption Elements L CSOPs Fires Elements Reserve L

SBP Defense Vignette Functional Tactics (Build Back)
Action Accomplishes the mission How do I delay? Mission: Delay Enemy Pursuit Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Restict FoM Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability?

ø SBP Defense Vignette ø Action Function: Main Defense Element
Task: Destroy Purpose: Achieve PLT OBJ: Delay KILL ZONE KILL ZONE ø Action Function: Main Defense Element Task: Destroy Purpose: Achieve PLT OBJ: Delay

Action Accomplishes the mission How do I delay? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist delaying? Mission: Delay Enemy Pursuit Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Restict FoM CSOP Element T: Disruption P: gain time Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability?

ø SBP Defense Vignette ø CSOP D D CSOP Enabling Function: CSOP Element
Task: Disruption Purpose: Degrade and Restrict FOM D KILL ZONE KILL ZONE Enabling Function: CSOP Element Task: Disruption Purpose: Degrade and Restrict FOM ø D CSOP

Action Accomplishes the mission How do I delay? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist delaying? Mission: Delay Enemy Pursuit Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Restict FoM CSOP Element T: Disruption P: gain time Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Disruption Elem. T: Support by Fire P: Canalize & Restrict Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability?

ø SBP Defense Vignette ø ø CSOP D D CSOP
KILL ZONE ø KILL ZONE Enabling Function: Disruption Element Task: Support by Fire Purpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM ø D CSOP

Action Accomplishes the mission How do I delay? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist delaying? Mission: Delay Enemy Pursuit Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Restict FoM CSOP Element T: Disruption P: gain time Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Disruption Elem. T: Support by Fire P: Canalize & Restrict Fire SPT Element T: Suppress P: Degrade Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability?

ø SBP Defense Vignette ø ø CSOP D S S D CSOP
KILL ZONE Enabling Function: Fire SPT Element Task: Suppress Purpose: Disintegrate Enemy Forces ø S KILL ZONE ø D CSOP

ø SBP Defense Vignette ø ø L CSOP D S S Reserve D CSOP KILL ZONE KILL

Action Accomplishes the mission How do I delay? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist delaying? Mission: Delay Enemy Pursuit Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Kill Zone Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Restict FoM CSOP Element T: Disruption P: gain time Disruption Zone 2x INF PLT Tank (L) PLT (Reserve) 2x Recon Sqds Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Disruption Elem. T: Support by Fire P: Canalize & Restrict 1x INF PLT Support Zone Fire SPT Element T: Suppress P: degrade Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability? 1x IDF PLT

ø SBP Defense Vignette ø ø L CSOP Main Defense D S
KILL ZONE Fire Support Element ø S L KILL ZONE Disruption Element Reserve ø D Main Defense CSOP

Complex BP SECTION

Complex Battle Position
A complex battle position is a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. TC , Opposing Force Tactics Tactical Task 8.0 Defend From a Complex Battle Position Subtasks: Protect. Employ complex terrain, survivability, and C3D to protect the defending force from destruction. Degrade. Retain ability to conduct systems warfare actions from protected positions. TC 7-101, Exercise Design, APP B Elements Disruption CSOP Ambush, Attack by Fire Delay, Disrupt, Fix Ambush Team Main Defense Reserve Counterattack Conduct Counter penetration / anti-landing Act as deception element Support Element U.S. Doctrine defines a Battle Position primarily as a Control Measure. OPFOR employment of BPs are not singularly defensive minded and are often situated/positioned to enable offensive actions, although a SBP is oriented along an avenue of approach, when paired with a complex battle position the SBPs may be removed from a most likely avenue of approach. You can reinforce a credible baseline of Threat thinking and actions with reference to the “Threat Tactical Task List” in TC For a raid, the task, sub-tasks, and desired outcomes for the Threat are at TC 7-101, p. B-2. Tactical Task 2.0 Raid 2.1 Infiltrate 2.2 Isolate 2.3 Seize or Destroy 2.4 Exfiltrate

CBP Functional Organization
Typical functional organization for a complex battle position: Action Element. (Main Defense) Uses a functional designation that describes its action task, such as attack by fire, to defeat or destroy the enemy attacking force. Enabling Elements. (Disruption, Support, and Reserve) Disruption Element. Locates enemy elements operating in the area of responsibility or zone of reconnaissance responsibility. Support Element. Support capabilities can include command and control (C2), combat service support (CSS), supporting direct or indirect fires, mobility support, SPF, and/or INFOWAR.

CBP Vignette Forces Guerrilla Company (task organized)
HQ & SVC WPN Attached from guerrilla battalion Note. Allow students to view and ask questions. Highlight the allocations that guerrilla BN CO has provided to guerrilla company CO for this mission. Note. These elements use descriptive icons or free text at or next to symbol frame as an aid in easy weapon system identification. For planning, the sniper section and scout team remain in proximity to the company headquarters in this vignette. Machinegun sections remain in proximity to their platoon. _______________ Note. The instructor can create a “teaching moment” by having students use ATN to find answers to several of the typical manning and equipment factors by using TC : 1. Retrieve ATN front page and click CTID button 2. Click “OPFOR & Hybrid Threat Doctrine” on ATN front page. 3. Click “09 Guerrilla Brigade” Now--You can now search type-units for detailed threat structure. See example (below and upper-right) within the Guerrilla Battalion, Guerrilla Company, Weapons Platoon p. 38= WPN PLT comprises a PLT HQ, 60-mm mortar section, 82-mm recoilless gun section, machine gun section, and sniper section. G HQ INFO WAR INFO WAR G 3x60mm G G G G 7.62mm HQ 2xAT-14 6xSNIPER G 12.7mm G 1x82mm RG G G 3x82mm RG G G 2xSA-18 7.62mm Recoilless Rifle Video

I MISSION: Protect CDET C2 & SUST (in UGF) CDET G Training Camp?
Drug Facility? Logistics Cache? Security Early warning Disruption Antilanding Canalized Terrain Kill zones Obstacles Direct Fires LT mortars RES Evacuation Exfiltration Review. What is the purpose of a complex battle position? -a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. So—Where would you establish a CBP in this terrain? [Discuss among students] Think security and protection. Consider-- ground dismounted forces. aerial insertion of forces. observation by aerial platforms: visual & thermal… Plan for early warning Ground routes Landing zones (air assault)-Drop zones (airborne) Disrupt and/or delay as needed. One example of a CBP. You plan and act for security and protection. [Review the items in the right-hand column] Purpose and terrain. This is a guerrilla platoon reinforced with several assets from its guerrilla company. Security first. Multiple foot trails into and out of the area. Prioritize the effort of establishing a CBP Find or create underground shelters Establish SBPs within the CBP Plan for evacuation and/or exfiltration How do you delay the ENY? You will the opportunity to plan such actions during the TTT.

G G Action Function: Main Defense Element Task: Destroy
KILL ZONE G Action Function: Main Defense Element Task: Destroy Purpose: Achieve CDET OBJ: Protect G G G Training Camp? Drug Facility? Logistics Cache? Security Early warning Disruption Antilanding Canalized Terrain Kill zones Obstacles Direct Fires LT mortars RES Evacuation Exfiltration Review. What is the purpose of a complex battle position? -a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. So—Where would you establish a CBP in this terrain? [Discuss among students] Think security and protection. Consider-- ground dismounted forces. aerial insertion of forces. observation by aerial platforms: visual & thermal… Plan for early warning Ground routes Landing zones (air assault)-Drop zones (airborne) Disrupt and/or delay as needed. One example of a CBP. You plan and act for security and protection. [Review the items in the right-hand column] Purpose and terrain. This is a guerrilla platoon reinforced with several assets from its guerrilla company. Security first. Multiple foot trails into and out of the area. Prioritize the effort of establishing a CBP Find or create underground shelters Establish SBPs within the CBP Plan for evacuation and/or exfiltration How do you delay the ENY? You will the opportunity to plan such actions during the TTT.

Step 1: Identify Functions Step 2: Allocate Resources
CBP Defense Vignette Functional Tactics (Build Back) Action Accomplishes the mission How do I protect? Mission: Protect C2 Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Protect Pers/Equip Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability?

CSOP G CSOP CSOP G CSOP CSOP CSOP CSOP D D
KILL ZONE D G CSOP CSOP G G G Enabling Function: CSOP Elements Task: Disruption Purpose: Degrade and Restrict FOM Training Camp? Drug Facility? Logistics Cache? Security Early warning Disruption Antilanding Canalized Terrain Kill zones Obstacles Direct Fires LT mortars RES Evacuation Exfiltration Review. What is the purpose of a complex battle position? -a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. So—Where would you establish a CBP in this terrain? [Discuss among students] Think security and protection. Consider-- ground dismounted forces. aerial insertion of forces. observation by aerial platforms: visual & thermal… Plan for early warning Ground routes Landing zones (air assault)-Drop zones (airborne) Disrupt and/or delay as needed. One example of a CBP. You plan and act for security and protection. [Review the items in the right-hand column] Purpose and terrain. This is a guerrilla platoon reinforced with several assets from its guerrilla company. Security first. Multiple foot trails into and out of the area. Prioritize the effort of establishing a CBP Find or create underground shelters Establish SBPs within the CBP Plan for evacuation and/or exfiltration How do you delay the ENY? You will the opportunity to plan such actions during the TTT. D CSOP CSOP D CSOP D KILL ZONE CSOP D

CBP Defense Vignette Functional Tactics (Build Back)
Action Accomplishes the mission How do I protect? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist protecting? Mission: Protect C2 Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Protect Pers/Equip CSOP Elements T: Disruption P: Degrade & Restrict Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability?

CSOP G CSOP CSOP G G CSOP CSOP CSOP CSOP D D ø Disruption Element
KILL ZONE D G CSOP Disruption Element ø INFO WAR CSOP G G G Enabling Function: Disruption Elements Task: Disruption Purpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM Training Camp? Drug Facility? Logistics Cache? Security Early warning Disruption Antilanding Canalized Terrain Kill zones Obstacles Direct Fires LT mortars RES Evacuation Exfiltration Review. What is the purpose of a complex battle position? -a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. So—Where would you establish a CBP in this terrain? [Discuss among students] Think security and protection. Consider-- ground dismounted forces. aerial insertion of forces. observation by aerial platforms: visual & thermal… Plan for early warning Ground routes Landing zones (air assault)-Drop zones (airborne) Disrupt and/or delay as needed. One example of a CBP. You plan and act for security and protection. [Review the items in the right-hand column] Purpose and terrain. This is a guerrilla platoon reinforced with several assets from its guerrilla company. Security first. Multiple foot trails into and out of the area. Prioritize the effort of establishing a CBP Find or create underground shelters Establish SBPs within the CBP Plan for evacuation and/or exfiltration How do you delay the ENY? You will the opportunity to plan such actions during the TTT. G Disruption Element Disruption Element G G D CSOP CSOP Disruption Element D G D CSOP D KILL ZONE ø INFO WAR G D CSOP Disruption Element D

CSOP G CSOP CSOP G T G CSOP CSOP CSOP CSOP IED D IED D IED ø
KILL ZONE IED D IED G CSOP Disruption Element ø INFO WAR CSOP IED G G G Enabling Function: Disruption Elements Task: Disruption Purpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM Training Camp? Drug Facility? Logistics Cache? Security Early warning Disruption Antilanding Canalized Terrain Kill zones Obstacles Direct Fires LT mortars RES Evacuation Exfiltration Review. What is the purpose of a complex battle position? -a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. So—Where would you establish a CBP in this terrain? [Discuss among students] Think security and protection. Consider-- ground dismounted forces. aerial insertion of forces. observation by aerial platforms: visual & thermal… Plan for early warning Ground routes Landing zones (air assault)-Drop zones (airborne) Disrupt and/or delay as needed. One example of a CBP. You plan and act for security and protection. [Review the items in the right-hand column] Purpose and terrain. This is a guerrilla platoon reinforced with several assets from its guerrilla company. Security first. Multiple foot trails into and out of the area. Prioritize the effort of establishing a CBP Find or create underground shelters Establish SBPs within the CBP Plan for evacuation and/or exfiltration How do you delay the ENY? You will the opportunity to plan such actions during the TTT. G Disruption Element Disruption Element IED G G IED IED T D CSOP CSOP Disruption Element D IED G D CSOP D KILL ZONE ø INFO WAR G D G CSOP Disruption Element D IED

Action Accomplishes the mission How do I protect? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist protecting? Mission: Protect C2 Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Protect Pers/Equip CSOP Element T: Disruption P: Degrade & Restrict Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Disruption Elem. T: Disruption P: Canalize & Restrict Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability?

CSOP G Fire Spt Element SA-18 CSOP CSOP G T G CSOP CSOP CSOP CSOP IED
KILL ZONE D IED KILL ZONE G G SA-18 CSOP ø INFO WAR Disruption Element CSOP IED G G G KILL ZONE Enabling Function: Fire Spt Elements Task: Support by Fire Purpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM KILL ZONE KILL ZONE Training Camp? Drug Facility? Logistics Cache? Security Early warning Disruption Antilanding Canalized Terrain Kill zones Obstacles Direct Fires LT mortars RES Evacuation Exfiltration Review. What is the purpose of a complex battle position? -a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. So—Where would you establish a CBP in this terrain? [Discuss among students] Think security and protection. Consider-- ground dismounted forces. aerial insertion of forces. observation by aerial platforms: visual & thermal… Plan for early warning Ground routes Landing zones (air assault)-Drop zones (airborne) Disrupt and/or delay as needed. One example of a CBP. You plan and act for security and protection. [Review the items in the right-hand column] Purpose and terrain. This is a guerrilla platoon reinforced with several assets from its guerrilla company. Security first. Multiple foot trails into and out of the area. Prioritize the effort of establishing a CBP Find or create underground shelters Establish SBPs within the CBP Plan for evacuation and/or exfiltration How do you delay the ENY? You will the opportunity to plan such actions during the TTT. G Disruption Element Disruption Element IED G G IED IED T D CSOP CSOP Disruption Element D G IED G D CSOP D KILL ZONE ø INFO WAR G D G CSOP Disruption Element D IED

Action Accomplishes the mission How do I protect? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist protecting? Mission: Protect C2 Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Main Def Element T: Destroy P: P:Protect Pers/Equip CSOP Element T: Disruption P: Degrade & Restrict Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Disruption Elem. T: Disruption P: Canalize & Restrict Fire SPT Element T: Support by Fire P: Canalize & Restrict Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability? Fire SPT Element T: Suppress P: Disintegrate

CSOP G Fire Spt Element SA-18 CSOP CSOP G T S G CSOP CSOP CSOP S CSOP
IED D G IED Fire Spt Element G KILL ZONE D IED KILL ZONE G G SA-18 CSOP ø INFO WAR Disruption Element CSOP IED G G G KILL ZONE KILL ZONE KILL ZONE Training Camp? Drug Facility? Logistics Cache? Security Early warning Disruption Antilanding Canalized Terrain Kill zones Obstacles Direct Fires LT mortars RES Evacuation Exfiltration Review. What is the purpose of a complex battle position? -a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. So—Where would you establish a CBP in this terrain? [Discuss among students] Think security and protection. Consider-- ground dismounted forces. aerial insertion of forces. observation by aerial platforms: visual & thermal… Plan for early warning Ground routes Landing zones (air assault)-Drop zones (airborne) Disrupt and/or delay as needed. One example of a CBP. You plan and act for security and protection. [Review the items in the right-hand column] Purpose and terrain. This is a guerrilla platoon reinforced with several assets from its guerrilla company. Security first. Multiple foot trails into and out of the area. Prioritize the effort of establishing a CBP Find or create underground shelters Establish SBPs within the CBP Plan for evacuation and/or exfiltration How do you delay the ENY? You will the opportunity to plan such actions during the TTT. G Disruption Element Disruption Element IED G S G IED IED T D CSOP CSOP Disruption Element S D G IED G D CSOP D KILL ZONE ø INFO WAR G D G CSOP Disruption Element D IED

Action Accomplishes the mission How do I protect? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist protecting? Mission: Protect C2 Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Kill Zone Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Protect Pers/Equip Disruption Zone CSOP Element T: Disruption P: Degrade & Restrict 7x Guerilla SQD+ 6x Guerilla OP Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Disruption Elem. T: Disruption P: Canalize & Restrict 2x Guerilla SQD+ Fire SPT Element T: Support by Fire P: Canalize & Restrict Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability? Guerilla Sniper Sect Support Zone Fire SPT Element T: Suppress P: Disintegrate 1x 60mm MTR Sect 1x SA18 SQD

Red-Speak  Blue-Speak
For Discussion Complex Battle Position A complex battle position (CBP) is a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. Limited avenues of approach. (CBPs are not necessarily tied to an avenue of approach.) Any existing avenues of approach are easily observable. 360-degree fire coverage and protection from attack. Engineer effort prioritizing C3D measures; limited counter mobility effort that might reveal the CBP location. Large logistics caches. Sanctuary from which to launch local attacks. (TC para ) Strong point – A heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADP 3-90) …an anchor around which more mobile units maneuver, or as part of a trap designed to destroy attacking enemy forces that attack. (FM ) CBP MAIN EFFORT MAIN EFFORT

AREA DEFENSE SECTION

Brigade Tactical Group
Area Defense Area defense is a type of defensive action designed to achieve a decision by either Forcing the enemy’s offensive operations to culminate before he can achieve his objectives or Denying the enemy his objectives while preserving combat power until decision can be achieved through strategic operations or operational mission accomplishment. TC 7-101, Exercise Design Elements Disruption CSOP Ambush, Attack by Fire Delay, Disrupt, Fix Ambush Team Main Defense Reserve Counterattack Conduct Counter penetration / anti-landing Support Element U.S. Doctrine defines a Battle Position primarily as a Control Measure. OPFOR employment of BPs are not singularly defensive minded and are often situated/positioned to enable offensive actions, although a SBP is oriented along an avenue of approach, when paired with a complex battle position the SBPs may be removed from a most likely avenue of approach. Brigade Tactical Group X You can reinforce a credible baseline of Threat thinking and actions with reference to the “Threat Tactical Task List” in TC For a raid, the task, sub-tasks, and desired outcomes for the Threat are at TC 7-101, p. B-2. Tactical Task 2.0 Raid 2.1 Infiltrate 2.2 Isolate 2.3 Seize or Destroy 2.4 Exfiltrate

Area Defense Considerations
Area defense are conducted where the OPFOR must deny key areas or are overmatched. Area defense inflicts losses on the enemy, retains ground, and protects friendly forces. (TC , pgs. 4-14,4-15) Area defense may be used when: Conducting access-control operations. OPFOR has a significant RISTA and precision standoff advantage. Conditions are suitable for canalizing the enemy into areas where the OPFOR can destroy them. A well conducted area can allow a significantly weaker force to defeat a stronger enemy. OPFOR typically executes counterattacks in complex terrain throughout the AOR to steadily drain the enemies combat power and resolve. Look for the key words in the definition— An assault is an attack that destroys an enemy force through firepower and the physical occupation of and/or destruction of his position. (TC , p. 3-20) Kill zone = the focal point of an ambush-- is a designated area on the battlefield where the OPFOR plans to destroy a key enemy target. (TC ) An assault is the basic form of OPFOR tactical action. Decisive assaults are characterized by: Isolation of the objective. Effective tactical security. Effective suppression of the enemy force. Violent fire and maneuver against the enemy.

BTG Area Defense Vignette
Purposes: Deny access to key area and inflict casualties until decision achieved (elsewhere) through strategic action or operational mission accomplishment Main Defense - C2, INFOWAR, SUST, key assets in CBPs integrated in urban areas w/sophisticated C3D - Mech BDET in BP - Tank CO Reserve to exploit success, aid transition to offense, if possible Disruption Forces in Disruption Zone - IDF in PAA support Disruption Zone, leverage cultural standoff (near dam) - Obstacles, IEDs to slow or stop forces in kill zones creating a “shield of blows” - Irregular-heavy BDETs, incl. armored vehicles and heavy weapons integrated into BPs - Bridges rigged to explode if disruption fails Disruption - OPs arrayed to ID advancing enemy - Recon elements screen, conduct Counter Reconnaissance - Air Defense ambushes positioned along AAs - INFOWAR to jam enemy comms (EW), conduct Perception Mgt - IED ambushes along all routes Support Zones - Limited SUST possible from CBP within towns - o/o Tank RES maneuvers to counterattack 1 3 2 2 Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. 2 2 1 3 4 4 Key: Force culmination, exploit artillery & counterattack opportunities

Establish CBP(s) within the BZ.
Determine key terrain in BZ. Develop counterrecon plan. Locate and predict target locations. Develop an integrated fires plan. Determine decisive points. Establish kill zone(s). Purposes: Deny access to key area and inflict casualties until decision achieved (elsewhere) through strategic action or operational mission accomplishment Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. MAIN DEFENSE FORCE I I I (-) I INFO WAR

Determine key terrain in BZ. Develop counterrecon plan. Locate and predict target locations. Develop an integrated fires plan. Determine decisive points. Establish kill zone(s). I I I Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. I I I (-) I INFO WAR

Determine key terrain in BZ. Develop counterrecon plan. Locate and predict target locations. Develop an integrated fires plan. Determine decisive points. Establish kill zone(s). I I I II Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. II (-) I I RES I (-) II(-) I I I I (-) I INFO WAR

Determine key terrain in BZ. Develop counterrecon plan. Locate and predict target locations. Develop an integrated fires plan. Determine decisive points. Establish kill zone(s). I I (-) I I II I I (-) Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. II (-) I I RES I (-) II(-) I I I I (-) I INFO WAR

Determine key terrain in BZ. Develop counterrecon plan. Locate and predict target locations. Develop an integrated fires plan. Determine decisive points. Establish kill zone(s). I I (-) I I DISRUPTION ZONE BATTLE ZONE II I I (-) Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. II (-) I DISRUPTION ZONE SUPPORT ZONE I RES I (-) II(-) I I I I (-) I INFO WAR

Area Defense Vignette Functional Tactics
Action Accomplishes the mission How do I protect? Enabling Assists mission accomplishment How do assist protecting? Mission: Deny Access Step 1: Identify Functions Start with success Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second ID action form, executable task, and purpose Kill Zone Main Def Element T: Destroy P:Protect Pers/Equip Disruption Zone CSOP Element T: Disruption P: Degrade & Restrict 7x Guerilla SQD+ 6x Guerilla OP Step 2: Allocate Resources Who can do this? What do they need? Disruption Elem. T: Disruption P: Canalize & Restrict 2x Guerilla SQD+ Fire SPT Element T: Support by Fire P: Canalize & Restrict Step 3: Synchronize Where do I have to be to employ capability? Guerilla Sniper Sect Support Zone Fire SPT Element T: Suppress P: Disintegrate 1x 60mm MTR Sect 1x SA18 SQD

MANEUVER DEFENSE SECTION

Maneuver Defense Considerations
A maneuver defense inflicts losses on the enemy, gains time, and protects friendly forces. Maneuver defense causes the enemy to continually lose effectiveness until they can no longer achieve their defenses. (TC , pgs ) Maneuver defense is used when: OPFOR is not completely overmatched. Can surrender territory. Has a mobility advantage. Conditions are suitable for canalizing the enemy into areas where the OPFOR can destroy them. Basis of maneuver defense is to maneuver thru planned, multiple, defensive arrays. As the enemy moves forward they continue lose forces as they encounter other enemy units. Look for the key words in the definition— An assault is an attack that destroys an enemy force through firepower and the physical occupation of and/or destruction of his position. (TC , p. 3-20) Kill zone = the focal point of an ambush-- is a designated area on the battlefield where the OPFOR plans to destroy a key enemy target. (TC ) An assault is the basic form of OPFOR tactical action. Decisive assaults are characterized by: Isolation of the objective. Effective tactical security. Effective suppression of the enemy force. Violent fire and maneuver against the enemy. Brigade Tactical Group X

Purposes: Deny access to key area and inflict casualties until decision achieved (elsewhere) through strategic action or operational mission accomplishment Plan succession of defensive lines. Plan successive BPs, repositioning routes. Identify high-value targets and kill zones. Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion.

Purposes: Deny access to key area and inflict casualties until decision achieved (elsewhere) through strategic action or operational mission accomplishment CONTACT ELEMENT SHIELDING ELEMENT Plan succession of defensive lines. Plan successive BPs, repositioning routes. Identify high-value targets and kill zones. Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. RES

Purposes: Deny access to key area and inflict casualties until decision achieved (elsewhere) through strategic action or operational mission accomplishment D CONTACT ELEMENT SHIELDING ELEMENT Plan succession of defensive lines. Plan successive BPs, repositioning routes. Identify high-value targets and kill zones. Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. RES

Starts disaggregation;
portrays anticipated defense D 1 Purposes: Deny access to key area and inflict casualties until decision achieved (elsewhere) through strategic action or operational mission accomplishment Portion of defense force makes initial contact CONTACT ELEMENT SHIELDING ELEMENT 2 1. Initial Disruption Irregular forces in the north, supported by IDF conduct ambushes to disrupt BCT movement. 1 Maneuver of Contact and Shielding elements HVT 2. Contact Force engages Contact Force maintains contact, withdraws to subsequent position prior to being decisively engaged 2 HVTs exposed 3 HVT 3. Maneuver through Defensive Array Shielding elements cover movement of Contact element. ID & destruction of exposed HVT (C2, Arty) is priority. 3 Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion. 4. Main Defense and Reserve engagement Prepared countermobility, defensive positions, and massed IDF halt BCT forward movement. Heavy Reserve maneuvers to decisively engage remaining enemy forces. 4 Continued HVT attack, Reserve decisively engages 4 RES Key: Planned sacrifice of terrain for opportunities against key systems

Red-Speak  Blue-Speak
For Discussion Maneuver Defense Inflicts losses on the enemy, gains time, and protects friendly forces. Maneuver defense causes the enemy to continually lose effectiveness until they can no longer achieve their defenses. Basis of maneuver defense is to maneuver thru planned, multiple, defensive arrays. As the enemy moves forward they continue lose forces as they encounter other enemy units. (TC , para. 4-64) Mobile Defense A mobile defense is a defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a decisive attack by a striking force (ADRP 3-90). Mobile defenses orient on the destruction of the attacking force by permitting the enemy to advance into a position that exposes the enemy to counterattack by the striking force. Retrograde is a defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy (ADRP 3-90). The Hybrid Threat Maneuver Defense resembles the US doctrinal mobile defense except the striking force is dispersed throughout the defensive arrays and is focused on degrading or destroying key elements of the enemy’s combat systems namely C2 and support functions. Striking Force Contact Element 4 HVT 6 HVT 7 Main Defense 1 D 2 Fixing Force RES Shielding Element 3 5  Sacrifice terrain for opportunities against key systems  Minimum fix, then decisive attack

Questions? Integrated Area Defenses may be employed at all levels. This form of defense seeks to take advantage of complex terrain and tends to reduce the effectiveness of strike efforts by opponents as a consequence of dispersion. The OPFOR does not orient the Area Defenses on retaining terrain rather the defense is oriented imposing delay and inflicting casualties. Fundamentally, an Integrated Area Defense consists of non-contiguous defensive positions that may not be within direct fire support range of each other but are integrated in C2 and purpose. Substantial physical gaps may, in fact exist. In these gaps the OPFOR uses precision long-range fires, Special Purpose Forces, insurgent and militia forces to destroy key systems, cause politically unacceptable casualties, harass the enemy and maintain contact. Some defensive positions in area defenses may include Complex Battle Positions or heavily defended spaces that are able to fight in all directions within the limitation of the terrain. These defenses are generally tied to complex or urban terrain. OPFOR conducts counterattacks at all levels in the gaps or inside defensive positions to impose delay, inflict casualties or preserve critical points in the defense. This form of defense requires extensive planning, preparation and pre-positioning of forces and critical C2 systems. Success is dependent on the two critical factors—Transition Operations that allow the OPFOR to occupy defensive positions and a coalition driven by a timeline for completion.

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Hybrid Threat Defensive Tactics

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