1. Options for controlling PM emissions

2. Methodology Typical categories of measures used
Emission control efficiencies are specific for size classes (fine/coarse/PM>10m)
Base year controls included (crucial for PM)
Limited applicability of measures considered (because of fugitive emissions, vintage limitations, other)

3. Control options Stationary combustion sources

4. Control options Mobile sources (I)

5. Control options Mobile sources (II)

6. Control options Various sources - not enough data
The model structure allows for options but not enough data to implement them for:
Material handling
Resuspension
Agriculture
Shipping
Two-stroke gasoline engines

7. Synergistic effects with other emission control measures
Flue gas desulphurization > NO
EURO I-IV packages > YES
Biofiltration (animal houses) --> YES

8. Data sources Reduction efficiencies
Stationary combustion and industrial processes
UBA (1989, 1999), US EPA (1995), VDI (1994), Luetzke (1982), Karvosenoja (2000), Rentz et al. (1996)
Mobile sources
AUTO OIL, Kleeman and Cass (2000), CONCAWE, Mayer (1998), APEG (1999)

9. Conclusions/ Summary The model includes most important PM measures
Parameters of techniques verified with literature sources
Emissions extremely sensitive to efficiency estimates
‘Real life’ efficiency even more uncertain for industrial processes and transport categories
Country specific parameters very important
More information needed on currently ‘uncontrolled’ sectors
If other characteristic of PM emissions (e.g., number, chemical composition) to be considered, more work needed