1. Mixtures Notes

2. Substances and Mixtures
Page 19
Substances and Mixtures
LT - Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures?
All forms of matter can be classified into two groups: pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is one having a homogeneous composition. There are two types of pure substances: elements and compounds. An element is matter that is made of only one kind of atom. A compound is matter that is formed when two or more elements join (bond) chemically (a chemical reaction). Elements and compounds cannot be broken down and retain their properties.
A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that has all the properties of the compound. The makeup of a molecule is shown in a chemical formula. A chemical formula uses chemical symbols and subscripts to identify the number and types of atoms of each element that make up a compound.

3. On page 18
Identify whether each of the following are elements or compounds in the table below.
H H Ca Na NaCl CO Co
Fe2S OH CH NaOH CO SiO2
Element
Compounds

4. Page 21
Elements can combine in different ways to form either compounds or mixtures. A mixture forms when two or more substances combine without joining chemically. They are not bonded together.
Because they are not bonded chemically, the parts of a mixture retain their own individual identities and properties and can be separated.
A mixture that is unevenly mixed is called a heterogeneous mixture. Ex. Trailmix. A mixture that is mixed evenly is called a homogeneous mixture. Ex. Kool-Aid

5. Heterogeneous Mixture
On page 20
Identify whether each of the following are heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtures in the table below.
Vegetable soup Chex Mix coffee cake batter chocolate chip cookie milk salt water pizza
spaghetti & meatballs cereal in milk taco salad
Heterogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture

6. Page 23
A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists (physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away. (physical change)

7. Page 23
A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists (physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away. (physical change)
A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one another.

8. Page 23
A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists (physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away. (physical change)
A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one another.
A liquid is a substance with a definite volume, but not a definite shape. The particles in a liquid move faster and freely past one another, but are still close to one another. Liquids take the shape of the container they are in.

9. Page 25
A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they are in.

10. Page 25
A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they are in.
A plasma is matter that exists at extremely high temperatures where the particles are broken apart into positive and negative charges, move freely at extremely high speeds with high energy. It has no definite shape or a definite volume.

11. Provide 3 additional examples of each state of matter.
On page 22 – entire page
Identify whether each of the following are solids, liquids, gases or plasma in the table below.
Milk toy car star air hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen fluorescent bulb
Provide 3 additional examples of each state of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

12. On page 24 – entire page
Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 4 common states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Shape
(definite yes or no?)
yes no
Volume
(definite, yes or no?)
Particle Position
(where are they?)
packed close together
Looser than solids, but close
Far apart, spread out
Extremely far apart
Particle Movement
(how fast do they move?)
vibrate against one another
Moves a little out of position, slow, freely
Fast and free
Very fast, when colliding breaks apart into + & -
Miscellaneous
Wood, ice
Water, juice
Steam, hydrogen, oxygen
lightning, sun, neon lights, plasma tv, Northern lights

13. On page 24 – entire page
Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 4 common states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Shape
(definite yes or no?)
Volume
(definite, yes or no?)
Particle Position
(where are they?)
Particle Movement
(how fast do they move?)
Miscellaneous

14. A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other matter.

17. A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other matter. There are 2 types of properties: physical and chemical
A physical property is anything we can observe without changing the identity of the substance we are looking at. Common physical properties are melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity (able to carry electrical current), thermal conductivity (ability to transfer heat). Magnetism, color, odor and hardness.
A chemical property describes the way a substance may change , or react, to form other substances. Chemical properties describe the interaction of a substance with other matter. Two common chemical properties are rusting (iron reacting with oxygen) and flammability (the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen)

18. Page 27
A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other matter. There are 2 types of properties: physical and chemical
A physical property is anything we can observe without changing the identity of the substance we are looking at. Common physical properties are melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity (able to carry electrical current), thermal conductivity (ability to transfer heat). Magnetism, color, odor and hardness.
A chemical property describes the way a substance may change , or react, to form other substances. Chemical properties describe the interaction of a substance with other matter. Two common chemical properties are rusting (iron reacting with oxygen) and flammability (the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen)

19. Satin Material
Silver Tea Set
Baking Soda
Nails
Hair Spray

20. Physical
Shiny
Silver
Hard
Smooth
Chemical
Able to tarnish

21. Chemical
flammable
Physical
Soft
Silky
Smooth
Shiny
Silver
Wrinkle free

22. Chemical
Flammable
combustible
Physical
Gas
Clear
compressible

23. Chemical
Reacts with vinegar
Physical
Solid
White
Powdery
Small particles

24. Chemical
Able to rust
Physical
Silver
Hard
Smooth
Sharp
dense

25. Combustible under pressure
Chemical
Flammable
Combustible under pressure
Physical
Liquid
Clear
Scent
Sticky

26. Page 29
Matter is constantly changing. A physical change may have occurred if a substance changes color, size, shape, temperature, or state of matter. Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter. The matter keeps its same chemical composition. These changes are oftentimes reversible.
Chemical changes occur when one substance is changed to become another substance. You cannot reverse chemical changes. Examples include cooking a raw egg, milk spoiling, food digesting, metal rusting. To identify a chemical change look for observable signs such as color change, bubbling and fizzing, light production, smoke and the presence of heat.