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MAY 1 4:15-6:45 NOTE THE TIME!!! THE EXAM IS IN OUR USUAL ROOM The exam is 100 questions and is cumulative. Look to the reviews, the study guide and previous exams for studying. FINAL EXAM
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$100 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $2000 Stars Galaxies
Black Holes, AGN, and Star Formation The Sun and Stellar Evolution The History and Composition of the Universe Life in the Universe $100 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $2000
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The spectral classification of the Sun, G2 V means that it is a _____ star.
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Main Sequence Star
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Which of these stars is not burning hydrogen in its core?
a) O2 V b) F4 V c) B2 V d) K9 II
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Which of these stars is not burning hydrogen in its core?
a) O2 V b) F4 V c) B2 V d) K9 II
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Which of these statements is false?
a)Multiple star systems with more than 3 stars are very rare b)More than 60% of nearby solar-type stars are binaries c) More than 5% of all stars are visual binary stars d) About 15% of all stars are in binary systems
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Which of these statements is false?
a)Multiple star systems with more than 3 stars are very rare b)More than 60% of nearby solar-type stars are binaries c) More than 5% of all stars are visual binary stars d) About 15% of all stars are in binary systems
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As a protostar grows its characteristic motion within the HR diagram is _____.
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Up and left
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Assuming they have the same size, which of the following stars will emit the most red light?
a) A red star b) An orange star c) A yellow star d) A blue star
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Assuming they have the same size, which of the following stars will emit the most red light?
a) A red star b) An orange star c) A yellow star d) A blue star
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What happens in a low mass star when its core temperature rises enough for helium fusion to begin?
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Helium fusion rises very sharply (the helium flash)
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The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5
The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5. Therefore star A is approximately _____ times _____ luminous than star B.
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The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5
The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5. Therefore star A is approximately 100 times more luminous than star B.
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What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
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A barred spiral type
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Spiral arms do not contain Open clusters Supermassive black holes
High stellar densities Star forming regions
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Supermassive black holes
Spiral arms do not contain Open clusters Supermassive black holes High stellar densities Star forming regions
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What type of galaxy will result from the collision of Andromeda and the Milky Way?
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An elliptical galaxy
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In a spiral galaxy the oldest stars are likely to be found in the:
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In a spiral galaxy the oldest stars are likely to be found in the:
halo
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In 1 trillion years, the Milky Way will have little gas, if any
In 1 trillion years, the Milky Way will have little gas, if any. Where will the matter that comprised the current gas be located?
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Mostly locked into white dwarfs and low-mass stars
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What types of stars are found in each of the three major components of a galaxy like the Milky Way?
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Disk: Mostly young stars Central Bulge: Mix of old and young stars
Halo: old stars
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Between elliptical and spiral galaxies, which is more likely to have young stars, and gas?
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Spiral galaxies
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Quasars have a very large redshift this means that ___________.
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1) They are generally very distant
2) They were more common early in time 3) Galaxy collisions might turn them on 4)Nearby galaxies might hold dead quasars
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The source of AGN light is ____________
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Accretion of gas onto a supermassive black hole
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Why don’t all AGN appear the same?
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Viewing orientation Quasar or Seyfert Galaxy Blazar Radio Galaxy
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What part of a black hole are we able to observe?
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Its accretion disk
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Failed stars with a mass below 8% of the mass of the Sun are called
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Brown dwarfs
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Protoplanetary disks are also called _____
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Proplyds
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A dark nebula is ______
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An interstellar cloud that obscures our view
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What is the name of a sudden flash of light at the surface of the Sun?
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A solar flare
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Nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun produces energy by which reaction?
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Four H to one He (the proton-proton chain)
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Which of the following is smaller?
a brown dwarf a white dwarf a neutron star the state of Georgia
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Which of the following is smaller?
a brown dwarf a white dwarf a neutron star the state of Georgia
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Stars like the Sun won’t have hot enough cores during the red giant pahse to fuse He into ____.
Hydrogen Nitrogen Carbon Uranium
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Stars like the Sun won’t have hot enough cores during the red giant pahse to fuse He into ____.
Hydrogen Nitrogen Carbon Uranium But this can happen during the AGB stage!
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Are all neutron stars pulsars?
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No! But all pulsars are neutron stars!
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True or False: Type I novae never occur in a close binary system.
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False! This is how Type I supernovae take place, in a binary system consisting of a white dwarf and some other object (evolved star or perhaps another white dwarf)
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Gold and Uranium are formed mostly in ______.
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Supernovae
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The first atoms formed _____ years after the Big Bang
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380,000
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The Universe stopped being opaque when ______.
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Electrons got tied to neutrons
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Light can be converted into mass via the process of
______.
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Particle/antiparticle production
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Which formed first stars or galaxies?
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Stars!
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The microwave background radiation comes from ______
Distant spiral galaxies Distant quasars Dust surrounding the Milky Way Hot gas from the Big Bang
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The microwave background radiation comes from ______
Distant spiral galaxies Distant quasars Dust surrounding the Milky Way Hot gas from the Big Bang
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What is the approximate temperature associated with cosmic microwave background radiation today?
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2.8 K
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Evidence for dark matter is NOT found in
Rotation curves of spiral galaxies Confinement of hot gas in clusters Motions of galaxies in clusters The expansion of the Universe
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Evidence for dark matter is NOT found in
Rotation curves of spiral galaxies Confinement of hot gas in clusters Motions of galaxies in clusters The expansion of the Universe
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What is the Fermi Paradox?
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The question: If there are many civilizations in the Universe, than why have we not detected/ been contacted by any of them?
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The 1970s Viking Mission to Mars
Analyzed Martian soil samples Proved that liquid water exists on Mars’ surface Determined there was once life on Mars Found the best spot to search for life on Mars
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The 1970s Viking Mission to Mars
Analyzed Martian soil samples Proved that liquid water exists on Mars’ surface Determined there was once life on Mars Found the best spot to search for life on Mars
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Why have we found more Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around small cool stars?
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Because the habitable zone is closer to these stars and our methods of detecting planets (changes in luminosity and motion of the star) make it easier to detect small planets around stars like this compared to small planets around bigger stars
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What are three basic needs of life?
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Liquid (like water but could be something else), materials for complex chemistry (like carbon but could be something else), energy (from a star or geothermal or other source)
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Which of these is not a basic property of life?
Organization Using energy, Growth Adaptation Reproduction Higher Intelligence Homeostasis Responding to stimuli
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Higher Intelligence
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Is Earth the only place with liquid water in the Solar System?
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No! Mars shows signs of liquid water (seasonally probably), and Enceladus has water below a frozen surface. It is also possible that Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto have liquid oceans below their surface.
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Which values in the Drake equation do astronomers have a decent grasp of?
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R*: The number of stars that form in the galaxy (5-7)
Fp: the fraction of stars with planets (0.5-1) Ne: the number of stars with habitable places is still not known too well All the other numbers are open questions!
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