1. EU approach to demand controlled ventilation in residences
AIVC Webinar November 2012
“Demand-Controlled Ventilation in the European context: approaches in 4 countries and at EU level”
Aereco
Jean-Luc Savin
EU approach to demand controlled ventilation in residences

2. Aereco
Research, design and manufacture of demand controlled ventilation systems
Founded in 1984
Designer of the 1st electricity-free humidity controlled MEV (air inlets and exhaust units)
Head office, manufacture and research located in France (Paris region)
10 representations in Europe and Asia
250 employees in Aereco group
Residential = main market
Améliorer aspect graphique de cette page (photos NB un peu tristes…)
Reprendre idée plaquette pour les chiffres (carrés apparaissant dans diverses directions) - être moins linéaire.
Photos anciens produits

3. Products ranges Aereco Humidity controlled air inlets
Demand controlled exhaust units
MEV fans
Hybrid ventilation fans
Room-by-room demand controlled heat recovery

4. Ventilation – Key facts in the European context
Introduction
Ventilation – Key facts in the European context
Rising awareness for IAQ concerns
Ambitious energy performance targets for the building sector through EU directives
Only 24%* of EU residential stock is equipped with a mechanical ventilation system
Ventilation =
A key role to play in the framework of EU energy policy
ventilation
High energy prices
A huge existing building stock in EU with a great potential for improvement of energy performance
Ventilation = up to 40% of the total energy consumption of the dwelling
*source: ErP Directive – Draft working document on Ventilation Units

5. 54% w/o recovery (9% with recovery)
Introduction
Evolution of load of ventilation in the heat demand of residential buildings in Germany.
Source: REHVA
22%
54% w/o recovery (9% with recovery)
34%
38%
39%
Ventilation + infiltration heat losses decrease while its load on energy consumption increases

6. Ventilation and EU Regulatory framework
Regulation framework and standards
Ventilation and EU Regulatory framework
EPBD (Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings)
EN Standards
ErP Directive (Ecodesign)

7. Regulation framework and standards
EPBD (Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings) 2010 recast (implementation: July 2012)
New buildings:
All buildings will be nZEB in 2020, with energy production 'to a very large extent' from renewable sources.
Renovation:
No specific target to be set but MS shall develop policies and take measures such as targets in order to stimulate the transformation of buildings that are refurbished into very low energy buildings. The 1000 m² threshold for major renovation has been deleted
Minimum requirements for components are introduced for all replacements and renovations

8. Regulation framework and standards
EPBD (Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings) 2010 recast (implementation July 2012)
A harmonized calculation methodology to push-up MS’ minimum energy performance requirements towards a cost-optimal level.
> Recast of several EN standards to adapt performance calculation methods (CEN TC371)
A more detailed and rigorous procedure for issuing energy performance certificates (+ more control systems)
Requirement to MS to introduce penalties for non-compliance.
EPBD does not enforce a specific ventilation system but:
Its ambitious targets push towards energy efficient systems
It requests assessment methods to enable calculation of energy performance of the building

9. Which ventilation systems to meet EPBD targets?
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Which ventilation systems to meet EPBD targets?
Balanced ventilation with heat recovery
Demand Controlled Ventilation (MEV)
Energy performance +++
IAQ ++
Acoustics insulation +++
Filtration +++
Energy performance ++
IAQ ++
Lower price
Lower maintenance
Easy installation – very adapted to renovation
Optimises the size of ductwork (time-dispersion of the needs)
High price
Sometimes difficult to install (renovation)
Maintenance (social housing notably)
Higher electrical consumption
No filtration
Lower acoustic protection from outside

10. Studies from Fraunhofer IBP (2008 and 2010)
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Studies from Fraunhofer IBP (2008 and 2010)
Humidity Controlled MEV: IAQ expressed in CO2 concentration
Energy performance : Very low difference between the two systems, even in a cold climate (1220 kWh). i.e. 50 € per year (German energy mix)
IAQ: Humidity Controlled MEV system enables to maintain good IAQ.
Note: Results for individual housing

11. IAQ and energy performance
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Parameters of DCV systems
Type
IAQ and energy performance
Global:
1 sensor for all the dwelling +
Local per room typology:
1 sensor per wet room or 1 sensor per main room
+++
Fully local:
1 sensor per room
+++++

12. Parameters of DCV systems
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Parameters of DCV systems
Humidity, Presence, CO2, VOC are the most widespread
The airflow can be driven:
at the fan level (cheaper but less efficient)
at the terminal / room level (inlets and outlets)
Activation can be:
Binary
Several steps
Proportional
It can use electricity or natural forces
The performance of the DCV system is strongly influenced by all these parameters
It is important that regulation and assessment make a clear differentiation inside the wide world of DCV systems

13. DCV in EU Residential Market
Demand Controlled Ventilation
DCV in EU Residential Market
More than dwellings equipped per year in Europe
More than 5 million dwellings equipped since 30 years by Humidity Controlled ventilation systems in Europe
A rising market share in the ventilation systems due its cost effectiveness

14. Assessment of Demand Controlled Ventilation
Assessment of DCV
Assessment of Demand Controlled Ventilation
Standard process
Dwelling
Demand controlled ventilationsystem
Ventilationsystem
Weather conditions
Occup. scenario
INPUT
Simulation tool
Indoor Air Quality CO2, H2O, VOCs, condensation risks, …
Energy losses Final energy, Primary energy
Fan electrical cons.
OUTPUT
and / or
Equivalent constant airflow

15. Examples of assessment methods for humidity controlled MEV
Assessment of DCV
Examples of assessment methods for humidity controlled MEV
France
Spain
Belgium
Organism
CSTB
INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS
DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EDUARDO TORROJA
BBRI (CSTC)
Simulation tool
SIREN
CONTAM
Method
Simulations on different types of dwellings, one climate
Simulations on different types of dwellings, several climates
Simulations on different types of dwellings and scenarii, one climate
Procedure / legal document
Technical approval « Avis technique »
Documento De Idoneidad Técnica
Technical approval for energy « ATG-E »
Output
Equivalent airflow for energy = f(number of main rooms)
Equivalent airflow for energy = f(number of main rooms ; region climate)
One energy saving factor

16. Examples of assessment methods for humidity controlled MEV
Assessment of DCV
Validation of IAQ according to criteria
Average statistical airflow on the heating period, per type of dwelling
Examples of assessment methods for humidity controlled MEV
France
Spain
Belgium
Organism
CSTB
INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS
DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EDUARDO TORROJA
BBRI (CSTC)
Simulation tool
SIREN
CONTAM
Method
Simulations on different types of dwellings, one climate
Simulations on different types of dwellings, several climates
Simulations on different types of dwellings and scenarii, one climate
Procedure / legal document
Technical approval « Avis technique »
Documento De Idoneidad Técnica
Technical approval for energy « ATG-E »
Output
Equivalent airflow for energy = f(number of main rooms)
Equivalent airflow for energy = f(number of main rooms ; region climate)
One energy saving factor
Between 27% and 57% of energy savings when compared to Regulation reference

17. Validation of a simulation tool: SIREN (CSTB)
Assessment methods of DCV
Validation of a simulation tool: SIREN (CSTB)
Comparison between measurements and SIREN simulation on a humidity controlled MEV system (PERFORMANCE monitoring)
Less than 10% gap in most of the cases between measurements and SIREN simulations.
* Recalculated

18. Standards in relation with DCVEN
Ventilation for buildings – Performance testing of components/products for residential ventilation – Part 4: Fans used in residential ventilation systems EN
Ventilation for buildings – Performance testing of components/products for residential ventilation – Part 6: Exhaust ventilation system packages used in a single dwelling EN
Ventilation for buildings – Performance testing of components/products for residential ventilation. Externally mounted humidity controlled air transfer device
EN – Ventilation for buildings – Performance testing of components/products for residential ventilation – Part 10: Humidity controlled exhaust air vent.
prEN 13142
Ventilation for buildings – Components/products for residential Ventilation – Required and optional Performance Characteristics. January 2010

19. Standards in relation with DCVEN
Ventilation for buildings – Performance testing of components/products for residential ventilation – Part 4: Fans used in residential ventilation systems
EN defines a specific part load to DCV for the fan energy efficiency calculation (EEw)

20. Standards in relation with DCV
EN 13779
Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems (non residential)
EN 15251
Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics
EN 14788
Design and dimensioning of residential ventilation systems
EN 15665
Determining performance criteria for residential ventilation systems

21. DCV and the ErP Directive (Ecodesign)
Fans:
Lot 6 & 10 (Residential Ventilation units and Non Residential Ventilation units)
Draft Working Document at DG Energy
To be published soon
EVIA Proposal:
Inclusive approach > no distinction between DCV driving parameters (H2O, presence, CO2, VOC)
Distinction at the level of control (global, room type, room by room) due to its high impact on energy performance.

22. Determines the SEC class on the fan energy label
ErP Directive (Ecodesign)
DCV and the ErP Directive (Ecodesign)
EVIA Proposal:
CTRL used for the calculation of the Fan Specific Energy Consumption (SEC)
Determines the SEC class on the fan energy label

23. Conclusion
Several MS have developed procedure to assess DCV performance in the EPBD framework (IAQ + energy)
But some MS still don’t give specific value to DCV, despite their great energy performance potential
Several tools are available to assess Demand Controlled Ventilation (SIREN, CONTAM, Wufi+, etc.)
EN standards give specific measurement and calculation methods for DCV
Ecodesign directive to value DCV systems
Performance of DCV systems has been proved on-site through numerous large scale monitoring (10 projects, 6 countries only for humidity controlled unbalanced systems)

24. Thank you for your attention
More information on DCV:
Download VIP « Humidity Controlled Exhaust Ventilation in Moderate Climate” on AIVC website
Thank you for your attention