1. Chemical department
O.C.U.P

2. Group no 2 No name pen 1 Dholariya jigar 130840105007 2 Gajera vivek 3
Gajera zavin 4
Gandhi divyesh 5
Patel jemish 6
Kachhi Rohan

3. Synthetic drugs Introduction Aspirin synthesis Paracetamol synthesis
Penacetin
Chloramphenicol
reference

4. Drugs
Guided by
Amis b.patel

5. Organic Chemistry 231L Fall 2005
4/22/2018
Aspirin Synthesis
Organic Chemistry 231L
Fall 2005

6. Main Reaction

8. Mechanism

9. Side Reactions & By-Products
polyester polymer represented as

10. Data Table

11. Flow Chart Scheme for Purification

12. Final Recrystallization of Crude Aspirin
HNMR
CNMR IR MS
crude
aspirin

13. 4/22/2018
Theoretical Yield

14. Paracetamol synthesis
Reaction

15. Contd…
An alternative industrial synthesis developed by Hoechst–Celanese involves direct acylation of phenol with acetic anhydride catalyzed by HF, conversion of the ketone to a ketoxime with hydroxylamine, followed by the acid-catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement to give the amid

16. Paracetamol is approved for reducing fever in people of all ages.
Contd.
Uses
Paracetamol is approved for reducing fever in people of all ages.
Paracetamol is used for the relief of pains associated with many parts of the body.

17. Contd…

19. N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide
Penacetin
It is an analgesic and antipyretic drugs similar to aspirin, it is toxic and reversible kidney damage.
It is effective drug for the treatment of mile pain due to neuralgious
N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide

20. Preparation
Williamson ether synthesis: ethyl iodide, paracetamol, and anhydrous potassium carbonate are refluxed in 2-butanone to give the crude product, which is recrystallized from water

21. Uses
aspirin-phenacetin-caffeine compound analgesic, as a remedy for fever and pain.
Phenacetin is now being used as a cutting agent to adulterate cocaine in the UK and Canada, owing to the similar physical features of the two drugs.
Due to low cost phenacetin is used for research into the physical and refractive properties of crystals. It is an ideal compound for this type of research

22. Chloramphenicol
2,2-dichloro-N-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide

23. Contd …..
Chloramphenicol (INN) is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is a bacteriostatic.
The most serious adverse effect associated with chloramphenicol treatment is bone marrow toxicity, which may occur in two distinct forms: bone marrow suppression, which is a direct toxic effect of the drug and is usually reversible, and aplastic anemia, which is idiosyncratic (rare, unpredictable, and unrelated to dose) and generally fatal.

24. Medical uses
The original indication of chloramphenicol was in the treatment of typhoid, but the now almost universal presence of multiple drug-resistant Salmonella typhi has meant it is seldom used for this indication except when the organism is known to be sensitive. Chloramphenicol may be used as a second-line agent in the treatment of tetracycline-resistant cholera.

25. Contd ..
its excellent blood-brain barrier penetration (far superior to any of the cephalosporins), chloramphenicol remains the first-choice treatment for staphylococcal brain abscesses.[citation needed] It is also useful in the treatment of brain abscesses due to mixed organisms or when the causative organism is not known.
Chloramphenicol is active against the three main bacterial causes of meningitis: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae

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