1. NOVEL
Mr. Ravindra B. Mahajan

2. Novel. Most imp. Genre of literature
Novel * Most imp. Genre of literature. * It is a long prose fiction—contains characters & action directed by plot.
Plot : Author’s selection & arrangement of incidents in order to shape action.
Parts of Plot:
Rising Action : complications created
Climax : greatest emotional tension situation
Falling Action : resolution of tension

3. Purposes of Novel: 1. To entertain 2. To present a problem 3
Purposes of Novel: 1.To entertain 2. To present a problem 3.To portray a historical truth
Types of Novel:
1.Picaresque novel
Originated in Spain in 15th century.
Picaresque derived from Spanish word ‘Picaro’ means Rogue.
Story of adventures of a rogue.
Episodic plot., character is imp. than plot.
1st person narrative. ,satirical, humourous.
E.g. Cervantes: Don Quixote
Daniel Defoe: Moll Flanders
Henry Fielding: Joseph Andrews, Tom Jones
Mark Twain :Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Saul Bellow : The Adventures of Augie March

4. 2.Epistolary Novel Narrative is conveyed through Letters.
Characters send letters to each other.
Action progresses through Letters.
Such narrative gives direct insight into the minds of Characters
E.g. Samuel Richardson: Pamela or Virtue Rewarded
Mark Harn: Wake up, Stupid
Alice Walker : The Colour Purple

5. 3.Gothic Novel
Term ‘Gothic’ referred to a Germanic tribe.
Later came to mean ‘medieval’
Medieval architecture is setting of such novels.
Characterized by crime , cruel passions ; supernaturalism , haunted castles .
Sensational side of Romance.
Eg. Horace Walpole : The Castle of Otranto
Ann Radcliff : The Mysteries of Udalpho
Emily Bronte : The Wuthering Heights
Mary Shelley : Frankenstein

6. Characterization is given importance than plot.
4.Psychological Novel
* Emphasis given to internal action of character than external.
* Addressed to motives , emotions ,thoughts of characters involved.
Characterization is given importance than plot.
Probe of inner recesses of minds of characters
Eg. George Eliot : Silas Marner , Mill on the Floss
George Meredith, Charles Dickens, W . M. Thackeray , Joseph Conrad etc.

7. 5.Stream-of- Consciousness Novel
Imp. literary phenomenon of modern age.
An extreme form of psychological novel.
Deals with the consciousness of characters.
It contains interior monologue.
No chronological sequence in incidents.
Reader is invited to reorder all incidents in proper sequence.
E.g. James Joyce: Ulysses, A Portrait of Artist as a Young Man
Dorothy Richardson : Pilgrimage
Virginia Woolf : Mrs.Dalloway , To The Light House
William Faulkner : The Sound and the Fury

8. Such novel is a combination of facts & fiction
6.Historical Novel
Such novel is a combination of facts & fiction
It combines history with imagination.
Such novel characters , setting & action based on records of locality , nation & people.
Major characters are imaginary & minor characters are taken from history.
Historical Novels written in Romantic Period.
E.g.Walter Scott : Waverly, Ivanhoe, The Talisman
W.M.Thackeray : Henry Esmond in Victorian period.

9. 7.Sociological Novel
Background & theme of such novels derived from social conditions.
The novel emphasizes the social & economical conditions of shaping characters & determining events.
E.g. Charles Dickens : Hard Times John Steinbeck : The Grapes of Wrath Nadine Gordimar : Burger’s Daughter

10. 8.Regional Novel
Such novel is about setting, speech & customs of a particular society of specific region.
Based on particular imaginary land.
Important conditions of region affect the temperament of character.
E.g. Thomas Hardy : Wessex Novels William Faulkner : Oklahoma, Mississippi. R.K.Narayan : Malgudi Days

11. 9.Allegorical Novel
a novel in which objects , events ,people presented symbolically.
its form sometimes is fable intending to teach morality. E.g. Religious Allegory of John Bunyan -‘The Pilgrim’s Progress’.
Political Allegory in that certain political personalities humourously & satirically portrayed E.g. Jonathan Swift’s ‘Gulliver’s Travels’.
George Orwell’s ‘The Animal Farm’.

12. 10.Science Fiction
Presents imaginary reality.
Setting is some other planet or parallel earth.
Radically different in nature with ordinary experiences.
Represented in T.V. & Films
E.g. Mary Shelley-Frankenstein
Other science fiction writers H .G .Wells , Arthur Clerk, Doris Lessing , J . C. Ballard.

13. 11.Cyber Punk
A recent development – post modern form of science fiction where things partially or entirely take place within Virtual Reality.
Virtual Reality formed through computers & networks…characters may be human or artificial intelligence.
E.g. William Gibson : Neuromancer , The Different Engine & other cyber punk writers are Michel Bruce King, Rudy Rucker, John Shirley , Doana Haraway , Philip K .Dick

14. Terence Blacker has coined this term.
12.Saga Novel
This type of novel is account of a life of a single family.
The story of family generation after generation.
E.g. John Galsworthy’s Forsyte Saga Amitav Ghosh : The Shadow Lines
13.Aga Saga Novel
A genre of popular novel set in a suburban or rural location.
Features domestic & emotional themes of middle class characters.
Terence Blacker has coined this term.
E.g. Joanna Trollope : 1. The Choir 2. A Village Affair The Rector’s Wife The Other People’s Children

15. 14.Campus Novel
Also known as Academic Novel.
Such novels are comic & satiric in tone.
Setting is of Universities & Colleges.
Theme of nostalgic revocation of college days.
Originated in 1950s.
E.g. Kinsley Amis : Lucky Jim Mary McCarthy : The Grove’s of Academe Bhalchandra Nemade : Kosala

16. 15. Detective Novel
Such novels focus on solving a crime.
Brilliant detective does the job.
Spy employs elements of mystery & suspense.
E.g. Arthur Canon Doyle : The Hound of Baskervilles
Arthur .C. Doyle is the creator of the imaginary detective Sherlock Holmes.
Agatha Christie : Murder on the orient express

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16. Novel of Manners
Focus is on certain social customs & habits of particular social group.
Such novels either try to shape or control the behaviour of the character.
E.g. Jane Austen : Pride and Prejudice W.M.Thackeray : Vanity Fair
17.Existential Novel
Written from existential point of view.
Points out absurdity & meaninglessness of human existence.
E.g. Albert Camus : The Strangers

18. Originally applied to school of painters in 1920s.
18.Magic Realism
Originally applied to school of painters in 1920s.
Now this term used to describe the works of G.G.Marquez in Colombia, Gunter Grass in Germany, Italo Calvino in Italy & John Fowles in England.
writers represent ordinary events & description together with fantastic & dream like elements & also things from myths & fairy tales.
E.g. G.G.Marquez : One Hundred Years of Solitude Salman Rushdie : Midnight’s Children John Fowles : A French Lieutenant’s Woman

19. German term which means novels of formation (education).
19. Bildungsroman
German term which means novels of formation (education).
Development of protagonist’s mind & characters as he passes through childhood & varied experiences.
Generally about spiritual crisis & in search of Identity.
E.g. Thomas Mann : The Magic Mountain Somerset Maugham : Of Human Bondage
Kunstlerroman
Subtype of Bildungsroman
It is about development of writer as an artist to achieve mastery.
E.g. James Joyce : A Portrait of Artist as a Young Man Thomas Mann : Doctor Faustus

20. 20. Novel of Ideas
Novels examine intellectual issues & concepts through discussion & debate.
In such novel plot, narratives, characterization etc is sidelined by intellectual discussions.
E.g. Aldous Huxley : Point Counter Point , After many a Summer.