2. What are the characteristics of Fungi?
Most Multicellular (except yeast: unicellular)
Eukaryotes – cells contain a nucleus
Heterotrophic – are consumers like animals (eat food)
Most are decomposers (recycle)
Cell walls composed of chitin

3. Structures of Fungi Body made of mycelium (grows below ground)
Fruiting body- part that reproduces (grows above ground)
Mycelium and fruiting body made of hyphae- string-like structures

4. The Structure of a Mushroom
Fruiting
body
Hyphae
Mycelium

5. III. Growth and Reproduction
Most Fungi develop from a spore into a hyphae, then a mycelium
Spores are microscopic- they are everywhere!
Spores are easily carried by wind or animals
When conditions are favorable a fruiting body can grow overnight!
Fungi like warm, moist environments
Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Sexually -Involves 2 mating types (+) and (-)

6. Production of sex cells Page 534
Figure 21-8 The Life Cycle of a Basidiomycete
Fruiting body (N+N)
Button
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
Basidiospores
(N)
Zygote (2N)
Basidia (N + N)
Gills lined with basidia
Gills
Stalk
Base
Cap
FERTILIZATION
HYPHAE FUSE
Haploid
Diploid
MEIOSIS
Production of sex cells
Page 534

7. How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold

8. Zygomycetes http://mercury. bio. uaf

9. How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold
Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast

10. http://mercury. bio. uaf

11. How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold
Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast
Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom

12. Basidiomycota http://mercury. bio. uaf

13. Basidiomycota http://mercury. bio. uaf

14. How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold
Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast
Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom
Deutermycota- The imperfect fungi (no known sexual life cycle) ex: Penicillium

15. Deutermycota: Ex: Penecillium
Imperfect fungi

16. Ecology of Fungi
Decomposers – recycle nutrients

17. During the Revolutionary War
The British lost more ships to fungal rot than to enemy fire

18. Ecology of Fungi Pioneer species- important for soil formation
lichen- break down rock into soil; it is symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism

19. Algae provide food Fungus provides protection Lichen Structure
Densely packed hyphae
Layer of algae/ cyanobacteria
Algae provide food
Loosely packed hyphae
Densely packed hyphae

20. Lichen is a pioneer species and help with the formation of soil.

21. The acids in the lichens break down the rock over time and these particles of rock mix with dead lichen to form soil.

23. Ecology of Fungi
Pioneer species- important for soil formation; break down rock into soil
lichen- very important pioneer species; it is symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
Mycorrhizae- symbiotic relationship between plants and fungus; plant gets water and nutrients and fungus gets a place to live on the roots of the plant

26. Ecology of Fungi
Mycorrhizae- symbiotic relationship between plants and fungus
Important in Baking and Brewing -making bread and other products

28. Eaten as foods
Truffles

29. Truffle

31. Blue Cheese: Penicillium roquefortii is used in the manufacture of blue cheeses e.g. Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton, Danish Blue etc. During the fermentation process the fungus spores are injected into the curd. Growth of the fungus imparts a pleasant tang to the final product. By the way, the blue in the blue-cheese is caused by the pigment in the spores (conidia) of the fungus. So, when you eat blue cheese you are consuming spores by the million.

33. Eaten as foods
Responsible for crop damage (as much as 50% in tropical areas)

35. Eaten as foods
Responsible for crop damage (as much as 50% in tropical areas)
Cause human diseases and illnesses
athletes foot

37. Eaten as foods
Responsible for crop damage (as much as 50% in tropical areas)
Cause human diseases and illnesses
athletes foot
ringworm

39. Eaten as foods
Responsible for crop damage (as much as 50% in tropical areas)
Cause human diseases and illnesses
athletes foot
ringworm
thrush

41. Used in medicine production: penicillin, high blood pressure, pain medications

42. THE END