1. Fungi and plants

2. Fungi
Cheese, bread, mushroom

3. Characteristics of fungi
Eukaryote
Heterotroph
Cell wall is present
Do not contain chlorophyll
Different from other organisms and placed in a separate kingdom Fungi

4. Shapes and appearance

5. Obtaining food Heterotrophs Decomposers (organic matter)
Some are parasites
Some live in mutualistic relationship (mycorrhiza)

6. Structure Some fungi are unicellular, others are multicellular
Multicellular fungi have threads / chains of cells called as hyphae
Hyphae grow together to form a mass known as mycelium

7. Structure

8. Making more fungi Asexual Sexual Hyphae break and form new fungus
Asexual spores
Sexual
Spores are formed from sex cells
Spores are dispersed and generate new fungi

9. Kinds of fungi
Classification based on shape and the mode of reproduction

10. Kinds of fungi
Thread-like fungi
Bread mold

11. Kinds of fungi
Sac fungi
Yeast, mildew, morels

12. Kinds of fungi
Sac fungi

13. Kinds of fungi
Club fungi
Mushrooms

14. Kinds of fungi
Club fungi

15. Kinds of fungi
Non mushroom club fungi
Bracket fungi, rust, smut

16. Kinds of fungi Imperfect fungi Do not fit in other categories
Penicillium, athlete’s foot

17. Lichens Association of fungi with algae
Unlike fungi, lichens are producers
Found in variety of environments
Soil fertility and colonization

18. Lichens

19. Lichens

20. Plants

22. Plants Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophic
Cells are surrounded by a cell wall – cellulose
Contain chlorophyll
Producers in the ecosystem

23. Characteristics of plants
Photosynthesis
Plants make food (glucose) and oxygen by utilizing carbon dioxide and water. Energy for this process is obtained from sunlight

24. Characteristics of plants
Cuticle
Waxy layer that coats the surfaces
Prevents loss of water
Vary in thickness
Depend on climate and environment

25. Characteristics of plants
Cell wall
Outermost layer of the cell
Made up of cellulose
Supports and protect the cell

26. Characteristics of plants
Cell wall

27. Characteristics of plants
Reproduction
Sporophyte – produce spores
Gametophyte – produce gametes

28. Characteristics of plants
Transport of materials
Xylem – a tissue that transports water
Phloem – a tissue that transports food
Collectively called as vascular tissues
Some plants lack vascular tissue

29. Classification of plants
Non-vascular plants
Lack vascular tissue
Small in size
Movement through diffusion
E.g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts

30. Classification of plants
Vascular plants
Contain vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
Relatively larger in size
May be seedless plants or seed plants
i) seedless plants – donot produce seeds e.g. ferns, horsetails
ii) seed plants – produce seeds, divided into two groups
Non-flowering plants (Gymnosperms) seeds not inside fruit e.g. pine
Flowering plants (Angiosperms) seeds inside the fruits e.g. mango

31. Classification of plants

32. Seedless plants Non-vascular Moses, liverworts
Small plants Leafy stalks and rhizoids

33. Seedless plants Non-vascular Importance Colonization
Decomposition and fertility
Prevent erosion
Sphagnum moss
Increase water holding capacity of soil
Prevent microbial growth (wound dressing, seed shipment)
Dried (insulating material)
Monitoring environment

34. Seedless plants
Vascular plants
Ferns

35. Seedless plants Vascular plants Importance
Soil formation, prevent erosion
Contribution to fossil fuels
Fiddlehead fern

36. Seed Plants Characteristics Produce seeds Gametophytes are small
Pollens and pollination

37. Seed Plants
Seeds
Young plant, seed coat, stored food

38. Seed Plants
Seeds
how animals help seeds grow?

39. Seed Plants Gymnosperms Don’t have flowers or fruits
Conifers, ginkgoes etc.
Used for wood
Produce resin
Drugs

40. Seed Plants
Gymnosperms

41. Seed Plants
Gymnosperms – life cycle

42. Seed Plants
Angiosperms
Produce flowers and fruits
Monocots and dicots

43. Seed Plants Angiosperms Food, fruits, crops Wood Habitat
Seeds and oils
Ornamental
Medicine and pharmaceutical products
Rubber, cotton, fabric, industrial products

44. Compare life cycle of plants with those of bacteria, protists and fungi