1. The New Network TNC Prague
Principles, Architecture and Application to R&E
TNC Prague
Pradeep Sindhu May 17, 2011

2. High-Level Architecture Computing and Storage The Core Network
Contents
General Remarks
High-Level Architecture
Computing and Storage
The Core Network
The Campus Network
Cloud + Mobility
Virtualization
Programmability 2

3. FUNDAMENTAL INDUSTRY CHALLENGE
Bandwidth, # Services
Network Bandwidth, Cost, Revenue
revenue
cost
But first, I want to get to the root of why we need to innovate, and why we need the external ecosystem to innovate.
It is because our industry faces a fundamental challenge: While network use is growing exponentially, the number of applications is exploding, and networks are clearly increasingly central to our lives, network service providers find it increasingly difficult to grow profitably. In fact costs are in many cases rising faster than revenues, and this is clearly not sustainable.
Time
Chart reflects non-GAAP data

4. OUR ANSWER: THE NEW NETWORK
Old Network
New Network
Inflexible
Programmable
SILO’d Infrastructure & Operations
Shared Infrastructure & Operations
One “Killer App” per Network
Long Tail of Apps
Slowly Growing Network Use
Exponentially Growing Network Use

5. AT THE CENTER OF A MUCH BROADER TREND
The global information infrastructure is being re-architected, by escalating cost, user preference, and an increasingly powerful network
The New Network will be central to this transformation.
All unconnected information systems will become worthless.
This shift will transform all industries associated with producing, consuming, storing, processing, and transporting information
“Centralize what you can, distribute what you must”

6. THIS NEW INFRASTRUCTURE HAS THREE PARTS
Clients
Global High-Performance Network
Mega Data Centers
Device
Individual
Home
Branch
Campus

7. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
The infrastructure must deliver information to end-users anytime, anywhere, across any device type at world-wide scale
End-users are not only humans, but any information processing system
Performance requirements will increase exponentially
Build infrastructure out of a small number of programmable building blocks that can be virtualized and shared
Building blocks must be independent of Applications & Users
This minimizes CAPEX by amortizing the cost over (#Applications * #Users)
Automate everything that can be automated
This minimizes OPEX by converting manual labor into automated tasks
Automation requires centralization, consolidation, and simplification
Provide an open software ecosystem to maximize the rate of innovation
Divide up the platform into layers, with upper layers being more open
Use a platform based approach that makes it easy to write software
Provide economic incentives for external people to write applications

8. Principle 1: Connect everything empower everyone
All information systems on the planet must be connected into a single global high-performance network because this maximizes their effectiveness …
We uniquely assumed this network would
Use a single general-purpose mechanism: the Internet Protocol
Connect anything that can produce, consume, process, or store information
Handle any communication application permissible by laws of physics
Handle global scale so everything could be connected
Juniper’s founding vision is that all information systems on the planet will one day be connected into a single global high-performance network because this maximizes their utility, and in doing so enriches every aspect of human existence.
Out of all the companies in the networking industry, Juniper was unique in assuming that the network should:
use a single general-purpose mechanism based around TCP/IP; other companies hedged their bets with technologies that fell by the wayside
connect any information system—natural or artificial, capable of producing, consuming, processing, or storing information
support any communication application that was permissible by the laws of physics
be implemented at global scale to maximize its value to end-users

9. PRINCIPLE 2: Programmable building blocks
General
Purpose
Power
More
Apps
Increased
Use
Positive Feedback
Scale Economics
Cost
Volume +
Time
Performance
Many specialized implementations
Single programmable implementation
Critical Performance

10. Principle 3: automate everything
Time
Cost / Unit of Work
Manual
Automated
Centralize What You Can, Distribute What You Must

11. Principle 4: open software ecosystem
General
Purpose
Power
More
Apps
Increased
Use
Positive Feedback
Scale Economics
Cost
Volume +
Ecosystem Examples:
System 360 / OS 360
IBM PC / Microsoft Windows
iPhone / App Store

12. HIGH LEVEL ARCHITECTURE
Large-scale Computing & Storage
Application Factory
Control point for infrastructure
Master copy of persistent state
Mega Data Centers
Core Switching:
DC-DC
DC-CO
CO-CO
Super Core
Universal Edge:
Network SVC Creation
Content Caching
Managed Security
Programmable
Edge Services
Passive Optical
Macro Cell
Access Network
End-Users

13. Large scale computing
Large scale computing is core to the R&E agenda
Two fundamental principles for building large scale computers
Geographical centralization (raw speed)
Pooling of resources (efficiency)
Both argue for large scale, virtualized data centers
Key performance bottleneck: internal data center network
Technology limitations exacerbate the problem
Lots of slower cores rather than few very fast ones
High latency, low bandwidth permanent storage
The stage is set for a fundamental disruption and networking will be at its heart

14. INSIDE A MEGA DATA CENTER
Data Center Manager
Routers
Appliances
Servers
Key Fabric Properties
1. Any-to-any, fair, non-blocking
2. Low latency and jitter
3. No packet drops under congestion
4. Linear cost and power scaling
5. Support of virtual networks and services
6. Modular distributed implementation
7. Single logical device
Storage

15. The core network
A fast, cost effective core network is critical to R&E
Historically there have been multiple dimensions to the debate
Packet switching versus circuit switching
Electronics versus optics
Integrated architecture versus overlay versus partitioned
From a technology perspective these debates are settled
Packet switching wins over circuit switching (economics)
Optics for point to point transmission, electronics for rest (laws of physics)
Integrated architecture versus overlay or partitioned (economics)
Emergence of a new network element: the transport router
Extremely high speed, low cost packet switching
Direct implementation of 10, 40, and 100GE optics
Tight integration with transmission elements (multiplexers, ROADM’s…)

16. THE CONVERGED SUPERCORE

17. INSIDE THE CAMPUS
Building A
Building B
Local Data
Center

18. CLOUD + MOBILITY Cloud Data Center Cloud Data Center Local Data Center

19. Virtualization
Typically applied only to computing but is critical for computing, storage, and networking
Principle objective is to permit efficient sharing of infrastructure without imposing too many constraints
Additional objective is to provide independent playgrounds for experimentation
Six abstractions are needed, one for each resource type
Virtual Data Centers (= VM’s + VD’s + VA’s + VLAN)
VPN’s
Network defines security policies
VM and VD technologies not at the point where IO intensive applications perform well; coming hardware acceleration will help

20. VIRTUALIZATION VDC Virtual Slice of Core Virtual Slice of Campus VDC

21. PROGRAMMABILITY
Specific need in R&E community to combine virtualization with the ability to do experimentation
Key issue is to do this without disrupting production use of the network
To do this we need network elements that are
Powerful (right performance, right functionality)
Can be implemented cost effectively
Scalable
One attempt to do this (OpenFlow) uses flow based forwarding as the paradigm
Flow based forwarding cannot be implemented efficiently at scale
Open JUNOS and JUNOS Space provide rich primitives for programming the network

22. SUMMARY Biggest trend is a new information infrastructure based on
Consolidation
Centralization
Simplification
Virtualization
Programmability
Overall architecture consists of
Large scale, consolidated data centers
Integrated optical and packet switched super core
Scalable rich services edge
Simplified access network
Directly applicable to R&E infrastructure

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