2. The peacetime diffusion of Indo-European languages is largely attributable to
Successful farmers increasing the population.
Voyages of Angles and Saxons to the United Kingdom.
Centralized government promoting a common language.
Isolation from outside cultures.
The migration of hunters and herdsmen.

3. Successful farmers increasing the population.
The peacetime diffusion of Indo-European languages is largely attributable to
Successful farmers increasing the population.
Voyages of Angles and Saxons to the United Kingdom.
Centralized government promoting a common language.
Isolation from outside cultures.
The migration of hunters and herdsmen.
Answer: A
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.4
Geography Standard: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast the “war” theory and “peace” theory of the origin and diffusion and Indo-European.

4. What is the political connection between language and government?
Governments adopt the language chosen by its citizens.
The United Nations decides based on a formula involving cultural history, government stability, and economic strength.
The government usually dictates the official language.
Government chooses a language based on ease of international translation.
In most instances there is no connection.

5. What is the political connection between language and government?
Governments adopt the language chosen by its citizens.
The United Nations decides based on a formula involving cultural history, government stability, and economic strength.
The government usually dictates the official language.
Government chooses a language based on ease of international translation.
In most instances there is no connection.
Answer: C
Level of Difficulty: 3
Text Reference: 5.8 and 5.9
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: Describe how language diversity may produce challenges for a country, citing examples.

6. Which of the following is NOT a reason that in recent years English has become the world’s leading lingua franca?
Relocation of English speakers to other world regions
The diffusion of English language popular culture
Diffusion of global communication such as TV and the Internet
English is the leading language on the Internet.
Its official language status allows government to communicate
in a common language.

7. Relocation of English speakers to other world regions
Which of the following is NOT a reason that in recent years English has become the world’s leading lingua franca?
Relocation of English speakers to other world regions
The diffusion of English language popular culture
Diffusion of global communication such as TV and the Internet
English is the leading language on the Internet.
Its official language status allows government to communicate
in a common language.
Answer: A
Level of Difficulty: 2
Text Reference: 5.6
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Identify reasons for the global distribution of English.

8. Which of the following is NOT an example of an endangered language?
Irish Gaelic
Scotch Gaelic
Swahili
Breton
Cornish

9. Which of the following is NOT an example of an endangered language?
Irish Gaelic
Scotch Gaelic
Swahili
Breton
Cornish
Answer: C
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.7
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Explain the concept of an isolated language and provide examples.

10. A country may adopt an official language its people don’t speak
Because TV and social media constitute a strong force in government decision making.
To interact more freely with other nations.
As an incentive for citizens to learn another language.
To promote nationalism.
Because the native language is too difficult for nonnatives to learn.

11. A country may adopt an official language its people don’t speak
Because TV and social media constitute a strong force in government decision making.
To interact more freely with other nations.
As an incentive for citizens to learn another language.
To promote nationalism.
Because the native language is too difficult for nonnatives to learn.
Answer: B
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.4
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Explain the term official language and hypothesize as to why a country might adopt an official language even if it is not commonly spoken.

13. Residents of Quebec City most likely
Speak predominantly the official language, Canadian.
Speak predominantly English.
Speak predominantly French.
Speak an exotic mix of French, Creole, and Welsh.
Speak the traditional Voyageur, even though the government dislikes it.

14. Residents of Quebec City most likely
Speak predominantly the official language, Canadian.
Speak predominantly English.
Speak predominantly French.
Speak an exotic mix of French, Creole, and Welsh.
Speak the traditional Voyageur, even though the government dislikes it.
Answer: C
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.8
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcomes: Contrast the geographic distribution of French and Spanish speakers in North America.
Global Science Standard: Read and interpret graphs and data.

15. In North America, how does the diffusion of French differ from Spanish?
As an official language in Canada, French is freely spoken in most places.
Spanish diffuses readily with migration of Mexicans.
French is largely urban. Spanish is used mostly in rural areas.
French diffusion is largely westward from France. Spanish moves north from Mexico.
Spanish is not absorbed as part of local culture.

16. Spanish diffuses readily with migration of Mexicans.
In North America, how does the diffusion of French differ from Spanish?
As an official language in Canada, French is freely spoken in most places.
Spanish diffuses readily with migration of Mexicans.
French is largely urban. Spanish is used mostly in rural areas.
French diffusion is largely westward from France. Spanish moves north from Mexico.
Spanish is not absorbed as part of local culture.
Answer: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Text Reference: 5.8
Geography Standard: 9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Contrast the geographic distribution of French and Spanish speakers in North America.

17. A dialect is of great interest to geographers because
Geographers need to become proficient in all the dialects of a language to promote its use.
Dialects usually match political boundaries.
Dialects indicate the region’s original language.
Dialects reflect regional environments.
Geographers are responsible for resolving differences and promoting cultural uniformity.

18. A dialect is of great interest to geographers because
Geographers need to become proficient in all the dialects of a language to promote its use.
Dialects usually match political boundaries.
Dialects indicate the region’s original language.
Dialects reflect regional environments.
Geographers are responsible for resolving differences and promoting cultural uniformity.
Answer: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Text Reference: 5.4
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Explain the concept of dialect and why geographers are interested in differences in dialects.

19. Though India recognizes 22 so-called scheduled languages, most belong to which family?
Dravidian
Draconian
Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
Romansch

20. Though India recognizes 22 so-called scheduled languages, most belong to which family?
Dravidian
Draconian
Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
Romansch
Answer: C
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.3
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Describe the geographic distribution of the four largest branches of Indo-European language family.

21. Indo-European Branches

22. Indo-European Branches
Traveling from west to east across middle Europe, one would likely encounter Indo-European language branches in the following order:
Romance, German, Balto-Slavic.
French, Swiss, German.
Spanish, Greek, Turkish.
Germanic, Celtic, Balto-Slavic.
Albanian, Armenian, Indo-Iranian.
Indo-European Branches

23. Indo-European Branches
Traveling from west to east across middle Europe, one would likely encounter Indo-European language branches in the following order:
Romance, German, Balto-Slavic.
French, Swiss, German.
Spanish, Greek, Turkish.
Germanic, Celtic, Balto-Slavic.
Albanian, Armenian, Indo-Iranian.
Indo-European Branches
Answer: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Text Reference: 5.3
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: Describe the geographic distribution of the four largest branches of the Indo-European language family.

24. The roots of the English language most likely originated
In Sino-Soviet Europe.
In France.
In northern Europe.
In Endo-nesia.
Among early Gaelic and pre-Celtic tribes.

25. The roots of the English language most likely originated
In Sino-Soviet Europe.
In France.
In northern Europe.
In Endo-nesia.
Among early Gaelic and pre-Celtic tribes.
Answer: C
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.3
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Describe the geographic distribution of the four largest branches of the Indo-European language family.

26. Why is using two or more different languages in a country like Nigeria detrimental to society?
Many concepts are difficult to translate.
It generates a dependency between two disparate factors.
One group is more favored politically and economically.
Speakers of one language are unlikely to understand speakers of another.
All the answer choices are correct.

27. Many concepts are difficult to translate.
Why is using two or more different languages in a country like Nigeria detrimental to society?
Many concepts are difficult to translate.
It generates a dependency between two disparate factors.
One group is more favored politically and economically.
Speakers of one language are unlikely to understand speakers of another.
All the answer choices are correct.
Answer: D
Level of Difficulty: 3
Text Reference: 5.9
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: Describe how language diversity may produce challenges for a country, citing examples.

28. Why has English become the lingua franca for a substantial part of the world?
Its linguistic properties allow it to be readily assimilated into many languages.
English has been spoken in one form or another for over 1,000 years.
It is already used extensively in popular culture.
It diffuses primarily via relocation of English speakers.
All of the answer choices are correct.

29. English has been spoken in one form or another for over 1,000 years.
Why has English become the lingua franca for a substantial part of the world?
Its linguistic properties allow it to be readily assimilated into many languages.
English has been spoken in one form or another for over 1,000 years.
It is already used extensively in popular culture.
It diffuses primarily via relocation of English speakers.
All of the answer choices are correct.
Answer: C
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.6
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Identify reasons for the global distribution of English.

31. The use of different words to refer to a carbonated soft drink is an example of
Derivation of an isogloss.
Derivation of an isoplex.
A euphemism for beer.
A regional dialect.
Influence of the Spanish or French language.

32. Derivation of an isogloss. Derivation of an isoplex.
The use of different words to refer to a carbonated soft drink is an example of
Derivation of an isogloss.
Derivation of an isoplex.
A euphemism for beer.
A regional dialect.
Influence of the Spanish or French language.
Answer: D
Level of Difficulty: 1
Text Reference: 5.5
Geography Standard: 10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: Discuss how an isogloss is constructed.
Global Science Standard: Read and interpret graphs and data.