1. RECONSTRUCTION

2. Reconstruction
Time after the Civil War when the southern states were rebuilt and brought back into the Union

3. FREEDMEN

4. Freedmen
People who had previously been slaves, now are free.

5. RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1867

6. Reconstruction Act
Placed South under military rule and was divided into 5 districts
Southern states ordered to hold new elections and create new state constitutions
States had to allow all qualified male voters (including African Americans) to vote
Southerners who supported the Confederacy not allowed to vote
Southern states had to give equal rights to ALL citizens and ratify the 14th amendment

7. IMPEACHMENT

8. Impeachment To bring formal charges against an elected official
President Johnson and Clinton are the only 2 presidents to be impeached, both found not guilty

9. 13th AMENDMENT
Free

10. 13th AMENDMENT Free
Abolished Slavery
All slaves are FREE

11. 14th AMENDMENT
Citizens

12. 14th AMENDMENT citizens
Gave equal protection and due process for ALL citizens
Actual equality was not achieved for African Americans until the 1960’s

13. 15th AMENDMENT
Vote

14. 15th Amendment Vote Voting right can not be denied because of race
Black males can vote

15. FREEDMEN’S BUREAU

16. Freedmen’s Bureau
Government agency that was set up to help freed slaves.
Provided food, clothing, shelter, education and jobs.

17. SHARECROPPING

18. Sharecropping
Freed slaves were able to farm the land and be paid for the crops
This often led to a life of poverty

19. BLACK CODES

20. Black Codes
Laws that Southerners put into place to control newly freed slaves.
Codes regulated legal rights, marriage and buying and selling property

21. CARPETBAGGERS

22. Carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved to the south and became in politics to make money.

23. SEGREGATION

24. Segregation
Separating people by the color of their skin in public facilities (bathrooms, restaurants, movie theaters)

25. VOTING RESTRICTIONS

26. Voting Restrictions
Laws that made it almost impossible for African Americans to vote
-poll taxes
-literacy tests
-grandfather clause

27. POLL TAX

28. Poll Tax Required voters to pay a fee to vote
Problem: African Americans were very poor and could not afford the fee

29. LITERACY TESTS

30. Literacy Tests Required voters to pass a reading test to vote
Problem: most African Americans could not read

31. GRANDFATHER CLAUSE

32. Grandfather Clause
If your father or grandfather had ever voted in an election, you did not need to take literacy test
Problem: Most of the African Americans’ grandfathers were slaves and had never voted

33. PLESSY v. FERGUSON

34. Plessy v. Ferguson “Separate but equal”
Supreme Court case that legalized segregation
Stated that separate facilities are ok as long as they are equal

35. KU KLUX KLAN

36. Ku Klux Klan
A secret society that used terror to get their way

37. SUCCESSES of RECONSTRUCTION

38. Successes of Reconstruction
The South was rebuilt
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Blacks could now testify in court
Blacks were educated, housed and given jobs
All Southerners were given increased access to education

39. FAILURES of RECONSTRUCTION

40. Failures of Reconstruction
Blacks were still poor and faced prejudice
Southerners were bitter against the Federal Government
Black still faced voting limits
Freed slaves had few rights